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Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices

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TLDR
The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.
Abstract
The increasing interest in energy storage for the grid can be attributed to multiple factors, including the capital costs of managing peak demands, the investments needed for grid reliability, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Although existing energy storage is dominated by pumped hydroelectric, there is the recognition that battery systems can offer a number of high-value opportunities, provided that lower costs can be obtained. The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Superior potassium storage in chitin-derived natural nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers

TL;DR: In this paper, the N-doped carbon nanofibers (NCFs) are fabricated by direct pyrolysis of bio-waste chitin, which is the second most abundant biopolymer throughout nature.
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Core–shell and concentration-gradient cathodes prepared via co-precipitation reaction for advanced lithium-ion batteries

TL;DR: In this paper, the core-shell structure has been extensively utilized to develop new functional materials and become a research focus in materials science recently, while the concentration-gradient structure is further exploited to overcome the drawbacks of the coreshell structure.
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Lithiation-induced vacancy engineering of Co3O4 with improved faradic reactivity for high-performance supercapacitor

TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid supercapacitor was constructed with CoO/N-doped activated carbon and achieved a significantly enhanced specific capacity of 260 mAh g at 1 A g, approximately fourfold enhancement compared to pristine CoO (66 mAhg).
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Zn2+ Pre-Intercalation Stabilizes the Tunnel Structure of MnO2 Nanowires and Enables Zinc-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor of Battery-Level Energy Density.

TL;DR: The truly battery-level Zn-HSCs are timely in filling up of the battery-supercapacitor gap, and promise applications in the new generation flexible and wearable devices.
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Carbon-Sheathed MoS2 Nanothorns Epitaxially Grown on CNTs: Electrochemical Application for Highly Stable and Ultrafast Lithium Storage

TL;DR: In this article, a unique nanocomposite comprising MoS2 nanothorns epitaxially grown on the backbone of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and coated by a layer of amorphous carbon is synthesized via a simple method.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries

TL;DR: A brief historical review of the development of lithium-based rechargeable batteries is presented, ongoing research strategies are highlighted, and the challenges that remain regarding the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance and safety of these systems are discussed.
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Building better batteries

TL;DR: Researchers must find a sustainable way of providing the power their modern lifestyles demand to ensure the continued existence of clean energy sources.
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Materials for electrochemical capacitors

TL;DR: This work has shown that combination of pseudo-capacitive nanomaterials, including oxides, nitrides and polymers, with the latest generation of nanostructured lithium electrodes has brought the energy density of electrochemical capacitors closer to that of batteries.
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Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the challenges for further development of Li rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles and proposed a nonflammable electrolyte with either a larger window between its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or a constituent that can develop rapidly a solid/ electrolyte-interface (SEI) layer to prevent plating of Li on a carbon anode during a fast charge of the battery.
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Nanostructured materials for advanced energy conversion and storage devices

TL;DR: This review describes some recent developments in the discovery of nanoelectrolytes and nanoeLECTrodes for lithium batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors and the advantages and disadvantages of the nanoscale in materials design for such devices.
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