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Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices

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TLDR
The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.
Abstract
The increasing interest in energy storage for the grid can be attributed to multiple factors, including the capital costs of managing peak demands, the investments needed for grid reliability, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Although existing energy storage is dominated by pumped hydroelectric, there is the recognition that battery systems can offer a number of high-value opportunities, provided that lower costs can be obtained. The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Mesoporous Titanium Nitride-Enabled Highly Stable Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

TL;DR: The TiN-S composite cathode exhibits superior performance because of higher electrical conductivity and the capture of the soluble intermediate species of the electrode reactions by 2-5 nm mesopores and strong N-S surface bonding.
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Layered MgxV2O5·nH2O as Cathode Material for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries

TL;DR: In this paper, a layered Mg2+-intercalated V2O5 was used as the cathode material for aqueous ZIBs, achieving high capacity of 353 and 264 mA h g-1 at current densities of 100 and 1000 mA g -1, respectively.
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Nanostructured transition metal sulfides for lithium ion batteries: Progress and challenges

TL;DR: In this paper, the fundamental mechanisms and obstacles of transition metal sulfides associated with Li storage through conversion reaction and also discusses how the nanostructure design can successfully address their challenges.
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Nanocellulose: a promising nanomaterial for advanced electrochemical energy storage

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the current research activities that center on the development of nanocellulose for advanced electrochemical energy storage, with the main focus on the integration of nanoCellulose with other active materials, developing films/aerogel as flexible substrates, and the pyrolyzation of nano cellulose to carbon materials.
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Emerging Non-Aqueous Potassium-Ion Batteries: Challenges and Opportunities

TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on potentially scalable, inexpensive electrode materials and the understanding of their cycle-life-property correlations for nonaqueous potassium-ion batteries, i.e., hard carbon as anode and Prussian white analogues as cathode.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries

TL;DR: A brief historical review of the development of lithium-based rechargeable batteries is presented, ongoing research strategies are highlighted, and the challenges that remain regarding the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance and safety of these systems are discussed.
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Building better batteries

TL;DR: Researchers must find a sustainable way of providing the power their modern lifestyles demand to ensure the continued existence of clean energy sources.
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Materials for electrochemical capacitors

TL;DR: This work has shown that combination of pseudo-capacitive nanomaterials, including oxides, nitrides and polymers, with the latest generation of nanostructured lithium electrodes has brought the energy density of electrochemical capacitors closer to that of batteries.
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Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the challenges for further development of Li rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles and proposed a nonflammable electrolyte with either a larger window between its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or a constituent that can develop rapidly a solid/ electrolyte-interface (SEI) layer to prevent plating of Li on a carbon anode during a fast charge of the battery.
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Nanostructured materials for advanced energy conversion and storage devices

TL;DR: This review describes some recent developments in the discovery of nanoelectrolytes and nanoeLECTrodes for lithium batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors and the advantages and disadvantages of the nanoscale in materials design for such devices.
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