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Journal ArticleDOI

Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices

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TLDR
The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.
Abstract
The increasing interest in energy storage for the grid can be attributed to multiple factors, including the capital costs of managing peak demands, the investments needed for grid reliability, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Although existing energy storage is dominated by pumped hydroelectric, there is the recognition that battery systems can offer a number of high-value opportunities, provided that lower costs can be obtained. The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Carbon-based electrocatalysts for advanced energy conversion and storage

TL;DR: A critical review on the recent advances in carbon-based metal-free catalysts for fuel cells and metal-air batteries, and discusses the perspectives and challenges in this rapidly developing field of practical significance.
Journal ArticleDOI

High Energy Density Metal-Air Batteries: A Review

TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive overview of recent advances and challenges of metal air batteries from various elements, including air cathode, electrolyte, and anode, is provided, and a summary of future research directions in the field of metal-air batteries is provided.
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Building aqueous K-ion batteries for energy storage

TL;DR: Aqueous K-ion batteries (AKIBs) are promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage due to their inherent safety and low cost as discussed by the authors. But full AKIBs have not yet been reported due to the limited availability of suitable electrodes and electrolytes.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Chemistry of Redox-Flow Batteries.

TL;DR: A comprehensive and critical overview of the features of redox-flow batteries, focusing mainly on the chemistry of electrolytes and introducing a thorough systematic classification to reveal their potential for future development is presented.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries

TL;DR: A brief historical review of the development of lithium-based rechargeable batteries is presented, ongoing research strategies are highlighted, and the challenges that remain regarding the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance and safety of these systems are discussed.
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Building better batteries

TL;DR: Researchers must find a sustainable way of providing the power their modern lifestyles demand to ensure the continued existence of clean energy sources.
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Materials for electrochemical capacitors

TL;DR: This work has shown that combination of pseudo-capacitive nanomaterials, including oxides, nitrides and polymers, with the latest generation of nanostructured lithium electrodes has brought the energy density of electrochemical capacitors closer to that of batteries.
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Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the challenges for further development of Li rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles and proposed a nonflammable electrolyte with either a larger window between its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or a constituent that can develop rapidly a solid/ electrolyte-interface (SEI) layer to prevent plating of Li on a carbon anode during a fast charge of the battery.
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Nanostructured materials for advanced energy conversion and storage devices

TL;DR: This review describes some recent developments in the discovery of nanoelectrolytes and nanoeLECTrodes for lithium batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors and the advantages and disadvantages of the nanoscale in materials design for such devices.
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