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Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices

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TLDR
The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.
Abstract
The increasing interest in energy storage for the grid can be attributed to multiple factors, including the capital costs of managing peak demands, the investments needed for grid reliability, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Although existing energy storage is dominated by pumped hydroelectric, there is the recognition that battery systems can offer a number of high-value opportunities, provided that lower costs can be obtained. The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Micro-/nanostructured Co3O4 anode with enhanced rate capability for lithium-ion batteries.

TL;DR: Monodispersed micro-/nanostructured cubic Co3O4 powders with unique morphology (cube) have been synthesized successfully as anode material for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) through a facile hydrothermal method with a special surfactant triethanolamine (TEA).
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Corn protein-derived nitrogen-doped carbon materials with oxygen-rich functional groups: a highly efficient electrocatalyst for all-vanadium redox flow batteries

TL;DR: In this article, an environmentally friendly and safe method to produce carbon-based catalysts by corn protein self-assembly was proposed, which allows carbon black nanoparticles to be coated with nitrogen-doped graphitic layers with oxygen-rich functionalities (N-CB).
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Nanoscroll Buffered Hybrid Nanostructural VO2 (B) Cathodes for High-Rate and Long-Life Lithium Storage

TL;DR: The hybrid nanostructure with nanoscroll buffered effect provides facile strain relaxation for swelling during lithiation/delithiation, resulting in the excellent structural stability and cyclability.
Journal ArticleDOI

Carbon Nanomaterials in Different Dimensions for Electrochemical Energy Storage

TL;DR: Carbon nanomaterials including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene and their assemblies represent a unique type of materials in diverse formats and dimensions, which are essentially required for vari-ous electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems such as Li-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and redox flow cells as mentioned in this paper.
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Two-dimensional MXenes for lithium-sulfur batteries

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize the significant progress regarding the design of multifunctional MXene-based Li-S batteries and discuss the solutions for improving electrochemical performances in detail.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries

TL;DR: A brief historical review of the development of lithium-based rechargeable batteries is presented, ongoing research strategies are highlighted, and the challenges that remain regarding the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance and safety of these systems are discussed.
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Building better batteries

TL;DR: Researchers must find a sustainable way of providing the power their modern lifestyles demand to ensure the continued existence of clean energy sources.
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Materials for electrochemical capacitors

TL;DR: This work has shown that combination of pseudo-capacitive nanomaterials, including oxides, nitrides and polymers, with the latest generation of nanostructured lithium electrodes has brought the energy density of electrochemical capacitors closer to that of batteries.
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Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the challenges for further development of Li rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles and proposed a nonflammable electrolyte with either a larger window between its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or a constituent that can develop rapidly a solid/ electrolyte-interface (SEI) layer to prevent plating of Li on a carbon anode during a fast charge of the battery.
Journal ArticleDOI

Nanostructured materials for advanced energy conversion and storage devices

TL;DR: This review describes some recent developments in the discovery of nanoelectrolytes and nanoeLECTrodes for lithium batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors and the advantages and disadvantages of the nanoscale in materials design for such devices.
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