Environmental stressors and cardio-metabolic disease: part I-epidemiologic evidence supporting a role for noise and air pollution and effects of mitigation strategies.
Thomas Münzel,Mette Sørensen,Tommaso Gori,Frank P. Schmidt,Xiaoquan Rao,Jeffrey R. Brook,Lung Chi Chen,Robert D. Brook,Sanjay Rajagopalan +8 more
TLDR
Increased awareness of the societal burden posed by these novel risk factors and acknowledgement in traditional risk factor guidelines may intensify the efforts required for effective legislation to reduce air pollution and noise.Abstract:
Traffic noise and air pollution together represent the two most important environmental risk factors in urbanized societies. The first of this two-part review discusses the epidemiologic evidence in support of the existence of an association between these risk factors with cardiovascular and metabolic disease. While independent effects of these risk factors have now clearly been shown, recent studies also suggest that the two exposures may interact with each other and with traditional risk factors such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes. From a societal and policy perspective, the health effects of both air pollution and traffic noise are observed for exposures well below the thresholds currently accepted as being safe. Current gaps in knowledge, effects of intervention and their impact on cardiovascular disease, will be discussed in the last section of this review. Increased awareness of the societal burden posed by these novel risk factors and acknowledgement in traditional risk factor guidelines may intensify the efforts required for effective legislation to reduce air pollution and noise.read more
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Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease: JACC State-of-the-Art Review
TL;DR: This review provides an overview of air pollution and health, including assessment of exposure, impact on CV outcomes, mechanistic underpinnings, and impact ofAir pollution reduction strategies to mitigate CV risk, and concludes with future challenges.
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Decline in Cardiovascular Mortality: Possible Causes and Implications
George A. Mensah,Gina S. Wei,Paul D. Sorlie,Lawrence J. Fine,Yves Rosenberg,Peter G. Kaufmann,Michael E. Mussolino,Lucy L. Hsu,Ebyan Addou,Michael M. Engelgau,David Gordon +10 more
TL;DR: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute is soliciting input that could inform a follow-up conference on or near the 40th anniversary of the original landmark conference to further explore trends in cardiovascular mortality in the context of what has come before and what may lie ahead.
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WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region: A Systematic Review on Environmental Noise and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Effects: A Summary.
TL;DR: A systematic review on the effects of environmental noise exposure on the cardio-metabolic systems as input for the new WHO environmental noise guidelines for the European Region found the most comprehensive evidence was available for road traffic noise and Ischeamic Heart Diseases.
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Environmental determinants of cardiovascular disease: lessons learned from air pollution.
TL;DR: The empirical evidence supporting the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular health is examined, potential mechanisms that lead to increased cardiovascular risk are described, and measures to reduce this risk and identify key gaps in knowledge that could help address the increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with air pollution are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System
Thomas Münzel,Frank P. Schmidt,Sebastian Steven,Johannes Herzog,Andreas Daiber,Mette Sørensen +5 more
TL;DR: Noise has been found associated with annoyance, stress, sleep disturbance, and impaired cognitive performance, and epidemiological studies have found that environmental noise is associated with an increased incidence of arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke.
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