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Exon skipping and dystrophin restoration in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy after systemic phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer treatment: an open-label, phase 2, dose-escalation study.

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TLDR
The safety and biochemical efficacy presented show the potential of AVI-4658 to become a disease-modifying drug for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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This article is published in The Lancet.The article was published on 2011-08-13 and is currently open access. It has received 847 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Duchenne muscular dystrophy & Drisapersen.

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RNA therapeutics: beyond RNA interference and antisense oligonucleotides

TL;DR: Three RNA-based therapeutic technologies exploiting various oligonucleotides that bind to RNA by base pairing in a sequence-specific manner yet have different mechanisms of action and effects are discussed.
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Gene therapy clinical trials worldwide to 2012 - an update

TL;DR: This database brings together global information on gene therapy clinical trials from official agency sources, published literature, conference presentations and posters kindly provided by individual investigators or trial sponsors.

In vivo genome editing improves muscle function in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

TL;DR: This work establishes CRISPR-Cas9–based genome editing as a potential therapy to treat DMD and partially restored dystrophin protein expression in skeletal and cardiac muscle and improved skeletal muscle function.
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The muscular dystrophies.

TL;DR: Advances in the field include improved methods of diagnosis, continued identification of disease genes, and the development of a unified model of pathogenesis in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, which are reflected in thedevelopment of new therapeutic approaches.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Monoclonal antibody analysis of mononuclear cells in myopathies. I : Quantitation of subsets according to diagnosis and sites of accumulation and demonstration and counts of muscle fibers invaded by T cells

TL;DR: T‐B, T‐T, and T‐macrophage cooperativities are likely to exist in muscle in different myopathies and T cell‐mediated fiber injury plays a role in polymyositis and inclusion body myositis.
Reference BookDOI

Antisense drug technology : principles, strategies, and applications

TL;DR: Introduction Mechanisms of Antisense Drug Action, an Introduction, S.A. Levin, R.Z. Yu, and R.S. Geary Routes and Formulations for Delivery ofAntisense Oligonucleotides, G.E. Hardee, L.G. Tillman, and T.T. Maraganore.
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Systemic delivery of antisense oligoribonucleotide restores dystrophin expression in body-wide skeletal muscles

TL;DR: It is shown that systemic delivery of specific 2OMeAOs, together with the triblock copolymer F127, induced dystrophin expression in all skeletal muscles but not in cardiac muscle of the mdx dystrophic mice, suggesting that a significant therapeutic effect may be achieved by further optimization in dose and regime of administration of antisense oligonucleotide.
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Efficacy of systemic morpholino exon-skipping in Duchenne dystrophy dogs.

TL;DR: This work sought to test efficacy and toxicity of intravenous oligonucleotide (morpholino)‐induced exon skipping in the DMD dog model and found it safe and effective.
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