Journal ArticleDOI
Fecal Microbiota Transfer Attenuates Gut Dysbiosis and Functional Deficits After Traumatic Brain Injury
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TLDR
In this paper , 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of fecal samples was performed to characterize gut microbial community structure pre- and post-injury to evaluate post-traumatic anxiety, exploratory behavior, and generalized activity.Abstract:
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an underrecognized public health threat. Survivors of TBI often suffer long-term neurocognitive deficits leading to the progressive onset of neurodegenerative disease. Recent data suggests that the gut-brain axis is complicit in this process. However, no study has specifically addressed whether fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) attenuates neurologic deficits after TBI. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that fecal microbiota transfer would attenuate neurocognitive, anatomic, and pathologic deficits after TBI. Methods: C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to severe TBI (n = 20) or sham-injury (n = 20) via an open-head controlled cortical impact. Post-injury, this cohort of mice underwent weekly oral gavage with a slurry of healthy mouse stool or vehicle alone beginning 1 h post-TBI followed by behavioral testing and neuropathologic analysis. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of fecal samples was performed to characterize gut microbial community structure pre- and post-injury. Zero maze and open field testing were used to evaluate post-traumatic anxiety, exploratory behavior, and generalized activity. 3D, contrast enhanced, magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine differences in cortical volume loss and white matter connectivity. Prior to euthanasia, brains were harvested for neuropathologic analysis. Results: Fecal microbiome analysis revealed a large variance between TBI, and sham animals treated with vehicle, while FMT treated TBI mice had restoration of gut dysbiosis back to levels of control mice. Neurocognitive testing demonstrated a rescue of normal anxiety-like and exploratory behavior in TBI mice treated with FMT. FMT treated TBI mice spent a greater percentage of time (22%, P = 0.0001) in the center regions of the Open Field as compared to vehicle treated TBI mice (13%). Vehicle-treated TBI animals also spent less time (19%) in the open areas of zero maze than FMT treated TBI mice (30%, P = 0.0001). Comparing in TBI mice treated with FMT, MRI demonstrated a marked attenuation in ventriculomegaly (P < 0.002) and a significant change in fractional anisotropy (i.e., loss of white matter connectivity) (P < 0.0001). Histologic analysis of brain sections revealed a FMT- injury dependent interaction in the microglia/macrophage-specific ionized calcium-binding protein, Iba1 (P = 0.002). Conclusion: These data suggest that restoring a pre-injury gut microbial community structure may be a promising therapeutic intervention after TBI. read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Multicompartmental traumatic injury and the microbiome: Shift to a pathobiome
TL;DR: In this paper , a rodent model of severe multicompartmental injuries and chronic stress was used to demonstrate microbiome alterations toward a pathobiome characterized by an overabundance of pathogenic organisms, which would persist 1 week after injury.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut microbiome and neurosurgery: Implications for treatment
Jonathan Willman,Matthew Willman,Ramya Reddy,Anna Maria Fusco,Sai Sriram,Yusuf Mehkri,J. Charles,Joel Goeckeritz,Brandon Lucke-Wold +8 more
TL;DR: The current understanding of the key protective and deleterious roles the gut microbiome plays in the pathogenesis of several common neurosurgical concerns is presented and the link appears to be bidirectional as gut dysbiosis contributes to secondary CNS injury in each of these ailment settings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Postinjury fecal microbiome transplant decreases lesion size and neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors proposed that restoring gut microbial community structure via FMT would attenuate microglial activation and reduce neuropathology after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and showed significant preservation of cortical volume and white matter connectivity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association of sub-acute changes in plasma amino acid levels with long-term brain pathologies in a rat model of moderate-severe traumatic brain injury
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined the relationship between the long-term post-TBI microstructural outcomes across whole brain and the subacute changes in plasma amino acid concentrations.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2
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TL;DR: QIIME 2 development was primarily funded by NSF Awards 1565100 to J.G.C. and R.K.P. and partial support was also provided by the following: grants NIH U54CA143925 and U54MD012388.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding the mechanisms of faecal microbiota transplantation
TL;DR: Several main mechanisms for FMT effectiveness in treatment of CDI are considered, including direct competition of C. difficile with commensal microbiota delivered by FMT, restoration of secondary bile acid metabolism in the colon and repair of the gut barrier by stimulation of the mucosal immune system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Markers of microglia in post-mortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review
Kathryn E. Hopperton,Dana Mohammad,Marc-Olivier Trépanier,Vanessa Giuliano,Richard P. Bazinet +4 more
TL;DR: It is shown that increased markers of microglia are a consistent feature of Alzheimer’s disease, though this seems to be driven primarily by increases in activation-associated markers, as opposed to markers of allmicroglia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Traumatic Brain Injury: Current Treatment Strategies and Future Endeavors
Michael A. Galgano,Gentian Toshkezi,Xuecheng Qiu,Xuecheng Qiu,Thomas Russell,Lawrence S. Chin,Li-Ru Zhao,Li-Ru Zhao +7 more
TL;DR: The current status of treatment for TBI in both clinical practice and basic research is summarized, with a brief overview of the various subtypes of traumatic injuries, optimal medical management, and both the noninvasive and invasive monitoring modalities, in addition to the surgical interventions necessary in particular instances.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviated Alzheimer's disease-like pathogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.
Jing Sun,Jingxuan Xu,Yi Ling,Fangyan Wang,Tianyu Gong,Changwei Yang,Shiqing Ye,Keyue Ye,Dianhui Wei,Ziqing Song,Danna Chen,Jiaming Liu +11 more
TL;DR: It is shown that FMT treatment could improve cognitive deficits and reduce the brain deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice and reversed the changes of gut microbiota and SCFAs, and may be a potential therapeutic strategy for AD.