Journal ArticleDOI
Global estimate of aerosol direct radiative forcing from satellite measurements
TLDR
Satellite-based measurements of aerosols and surface wind speed are used to estimate the clear-sky direct radiative forcing for 2002, suggesting future atmospheric warming greater than is presently predicted, as aerosol emissions continue to decline.Abstract:
Atmospheric aerosols cause scattering and absorption of incoming solar radiation. Additional anthropogenic aerosols released into the atmosphere thus exert a direct radiative forcing on the climate system. The degree of present-day aerosol forcing is estimated from global models that incorporate a representation of the aerosol cycles. Although the models are compared and validated against observations, these estimates remain uncertain. Previous satellite measurements of the direct effect of aerosols contained limited information about aerosol type, and were confined to oceans only. Here we use state-of-the-art satellite-based measurements of aerosols and surface wind speed to estimate the clear-sky direct radiative forcing for 2002, incorporating measurements over land and ocean. We use a Monte Carlo approach to account for uncertainties in aerosol measurements and in the algorithm used. Probability density functions obtained for the direct radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere give a clear-sky, global, annual average of -1.9 W m(-2) with standard deviation, +/- 0.3 W m(-2). These results suggest that present-day direct radiative forcing is stronger than present model estimates, implying future atmospheric warming greater than is presently predicted, as aerosol emissions continue to decline.read more
Citations
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Book Chapter
Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing
Piers M. Forster,Venkatachalam Ramaswamy,Paulo Artaxo,Terje Koren Berntsen,Richard Betts,David W. Fahey,Jim Haywood,Judith Lean,David C. Lowe,Gunnar Myhre,John Nganga,Ronald G. Prinn,Graciela B. Raga,Michael Schulz,Rob van Dorland,Greg Bodeker,Oliver Boucher,William D. Collins,T.J. Conway,Edward J. Dlugokencky,James W. Elkins,David Etheridge,P. Foukal,Paul J. Fraser,Marvyn Geller,Fortunat Joos,Charles D. Keeling,Stefan Kinne,K. Lassey,Ulrike Lohmann,Andrew C. Manning,S. A. Montzka,David E. Oram,K. O'Shaughnessy,S. Piper,Gian-Kasper Plattner,Michael Ponater,Navin Ramankutty,G. Reid,David Rind,Karen H. Rosenlof,Robert Sausen,D. Schwarzkopf,S.K. Solanki,Garry Stenchikov,N. Stuber,Toshihiko Takemura,Christiane Textor,R. Wang,Ray F. Weiss,T. Whorf +50 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon
TL;DR: The second most important contribution to anthropogenic climate warming, after carbon dioxide emissions, was made by black carbon emissions as mentioned in this paper, which is an efficient absorbing agent of solar irradiation that is preferentially emitted in the tropics and can form atmospheric brown clouds in mixture with other aerosols.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global dust model intercomparison in AeroCom phase I
Nicolás Huneeus,Michael Schulz,Yves Balkanski,Jan Griesfeller,Joseph M. Prospero,Stefan Kinne,Susanne E. Bauer,Susanne E. Bauer,Olivier Boucher,Olivier Boucher,Mian Chin,F. J. Dentener,Thomas Diehl,Thomas Diehl,Richard C. Easter,D. Fillmore,Steven J. Ghan,Paul Ginoux,Alf Grini,Larry W. Horowitz,Dorothy Koch,Dorothy Koch,Dorothy Koch,Maarten Krol,Maarten Krol,William M. Landing,Xiaohong Liu,Xiaohong Liu,Natalie M. Mahowald,Ron L. Miller,Ron L. Miller,Jean-Jacques Morcrette,Gunnar Myhre,Joyce E. Penner,J. Perlwitz,J. Perlwitz,Philip Stier,Toshihiko Takemura,Charles S. Zender +38 more
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a broad intercomparison of a total of 15 global aerosol models within the AeroCom project are compared to observations related to desert dust aerosols, their direct radiative effect, and their impact on the biogeochemical cycle, i.e., aerosol optical depth and dust deposition.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing
Hongbin Yu,Hongbin Yu,Yoram J. Kaufman,Mian Chin,Graham Feingold,Lorraine A. Remer,T. L. Anderson,Yves Balkanski,Nicolas Bellouin,Olivier Boucher,Sundar A. Christopher,P. DeCola,Ralph A. Kahn,Dorothy Koch,Norman G. Loeb,M. S. Reddy,Michael Schulz,Toshihiko Takemura,M. Zhou +18 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the aerosol optical depth (τ), direct radiative effect (DRE), and direct climate forcing (DCF) by anthropogenic aerosols, focusing on satellite and ground-based measurements supplemented by global chemical transport model simulations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Radiative forcing of the direct aerosol effect from AeroCom Phase II simulations
Gunnar Myhre,Bjørn Hallvard Samset,Michael Schulz,Yves Balkanski,Susanne E. Bauer,Terje Koren Berntsen,Huisheng Bian,Nicolas Bellouin,Nicolas Bellouin,Mian Chin,Thomas Diehl,Thomas Diehl,Richard C. Easter,Johann Feichter,Steven J. Ghan,Didier Hauglustaine,Trond Iversen,Trond Iversen,Stefan Kinne,Alf Kirkevåg,Jean-Francois Lamarque,Guangxing Lin,Xiaohong Liu,Marianne Tronstad Lund,Gan Luo,Xiaoyan Ma,T. P. C. van Noije,Joyce E. Penner,Philip J. Rasch,A. Ruiz,A. Ruiz,Øyvind Seland,Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie,Philip Stier,Toshihiko Takemura,Kostas Tsigaridis,Ping Wang,Zhili Wang,Li Xu,Li Xu,Hongbin Yu,Fangqun Yu,Jin-Ho Yoon,Kai Zhang,Kai Zhang,Hui Zhang,Cheng Zhou +46 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report on the AeroCom Phase II direct aerosol effect (DAE) experiment where 16 detailed global aerosol models have been used to simulate the changes in the aerosol distribution over the industrial era.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
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