Global patterns of drought recovery
Christopher R. Schwalm,Christopher R. Schwalm,William R. L. Anderegg,Anna M. Michalak,Joshua B. Fisher,Franco Biondi,George W. Koch,Marcy E. Litvak,Kiona Ogle,John D. Shaw,Adam Wolf,Deborah N. Huntzinger,Kevin Schaefer,Robert B. Cook,Yaxing Wei,Yuanyuan Fang,Daniel J. Hayes,Maoyi Huang,Atul K. Jain,Hanqin Tian +19 more
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TLDR
This analysis of three independent datasets of gross primary productivity shows that, across diverse ecosystems, drought recovery times are strongly associated with climate and carbon cycle dynamics, with biodiversity and CO2 fertilization as secondary factors.Abstract:
Drought, a recurring phenomenon with major impacts on both human and natural systems, is the most widespread climatic extreme that negatively affects the land carbon sink. Although twentieth-century trends in drought regimes are ambiguous, across many regions more frequent and severe droughts are expected in the twenty-first century. Recovery time-how long an ecosystem requires to revert to its pre-drought functional state-is a critical metric of drought impact. Yet the factors influencing drought recovery and its spatiotemporal patterns at the global scale are largely unknown. Here we analyse three independent datasets of gross primary productivity and show that, across diverse ecosystems, drought recovery times are strongly associated with climate and carbon cycle dynamics, with biodiversity and CO2 fertilization as secondary factors. Our analysis also provides two key insights into the spatiotemporal patterns of drought recovery time: first, that recovery is longest in the tropics and high northern latitudes (both vulnerable areas of Earth's climate system) and second, that drought impacts (assessed using the area of ecosystems actively recovering and time to recovery) have increased over the twentieth century. If droughts become more frequent, as expected, the time between droughts may become shorter than drought recovery time, leading to permanently damaged ecosystems and widespread degradation of the land carbon sink.read more
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Drought-Induced Reduction in Global Terrestrial Net Primary Production from 2000 Through 2009
Maosheng Zhao,Steven W. Running +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest a reduction in the global NPP of 0.55 petagrams of carbon, which would not only weaken the terrestrial carbon sink, but would also intensify future competition between food demand and biofuel production.
Global patterns of land-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, latent heat, and sensible heat derived from eddy covariance, satellite, and meteorological observations
Abstract: We upscaled FLUXNET observations of carbon dioxide, water, and energy fluxes to the global scale using the machine learning technique, model tree ensembles (MTE). We trained MTE to predict site-level gross primary productivity (GPP), terrestrial ecosystem respiration (TER), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), latent energy (LE), and sensible heat (H) based on remote sensing indices, climate and meteorological data, and information on land use. We applied the trained MTEs to generate global flux fields at a 0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees spatial resolution and a monthly temporal resolution from 1982 to 2008. Cross-validation analyses revealed good performance of MTE in predicting among-site flux variability with modeling efficiencies (MEf) between 0.64 and 0.84, except for NEE (MEf = 0.32). Performance was also good for predicting seasonal patterns (MEf between 0.84 and 0.89, except for NEE (0.64)). By comparison, predictions of monthly anomalies were not as strong (MEf between 0.29 and 0.52). Improved accounting of disturbance and lagged environmental effects, along with improved characterization of errors in the training data set, would contribute most to further reducing uncertainties. Our global estimates of LE (158 +/- 7 J x 10(18) yr(-1)), H (164 +/- 15 J x 10(18) yr(-1)), and GPP (119 +/- 6 Pg C yr(-1)) were similar to independent estimates. Our global TER estimate (96 +/- 6 Pg C yr(-1)) was likely underestimated by 5-10%. Hot spot regions of interannual variability in carbon fluxes occurred in semiarid to semihumid regions and were controlled by moisture supply. Overall, GPP was more important to interannual variability in NEE than TER. Our empirically derived fluxes may be used for calibration and evaluation of land surface process models and for exploratory and diagnostic assessments of the biosphere.
Journal ArticleDOI
Increased vegetation growth and carbon stock in China karst via ecological engineering
Xiaowei Tong,Martin Brandt,Yuemin Yue,Stéphanie Horion,Kelin Wang,Wanda De Keersmaecker,Feng Tian,Guy Schurgers,Xiangming Xiao,Xiangming Xiao,Yiqi Luo,Yiqi Luo,Yiqi Luo,Chi Chen,Ranga B. Myneni,Zheng Shi,Hongsong Chen,Rasmus Fensholt +17 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use satellite time series data and show a widespread increase in leaf area index (a proxy for green vegetation cover), and aboveground biomass carbon, which contrasted negative trends found in the absence of anthropogenic influence as simulated by an ecosystem model.
Journal ArticleDOI
Large influence of soil moisture on long-term terrestrial carbon uptake
Julia K. Green,Sonia I. Seneviratne,Alexis Berg,Kirsten L. Findell,Stefan Hagemann,David M. Lawrence,Pierre Gentine +6 more
TL;DR: Earth system models suggest that soil-moisture variability and trends will induce large carbon releases throughout the twenty-first century and suggest that the increasing trend in carbon uptake rate may not be sustained past the middle of the century and could result in accelerated atmospheric CO2 growth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Drought delays development of the sorghum root microbiome and enriches for monoderm bacteria
Ling Xu,Dan Naylor,Dan Naylor,Zhaobin Dong,Zhaobin Dong,Tuesday Simmons,Tuesday Simmons,Grady Pierroz,Grady Pierroz,Kim K. Hixson,Young-Mo Kim,Erika M. Zink,Kristin Engbrecht,Yi Wang,Yi Wang,Cheng Gao,Stephanie DeGraaf,Mary Madera,Julie A. Sievert,Joy Hollingsworth,Devon Birdseye,Henrik Vibe Scheller,Henrik Vibe Scheller,Henrik Vibe Scheller,Robert B. Hutmacher,Jeffery A. Dahlberg,Christer Jansson,John W. Taylor,Peggy G. Lemaux,Devin Coleman-Derr +29 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that under drought, roots increase the production of many metabolites, and that monoderms inhabiting the drought-treated rhizosphere exhibit increased activity of transporters connected with some of these same compounds.
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a review of fundamental concepts of drought, classification of droughts, drought indices, historical Droughts using paleoclimatic studies, and the relation between DAs and large scale climate indices.
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