Journal ArticleDOI
Herbivory in global climate change research: direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores
J. S. Bale,Gregory J. Masters,Ian D. Hodkinson,Caroline S. Awmack,T. Martijn Bezemer,Valerie K. Brown,Jennifer Butterfield,Alan Buse,John C. Coulson,John Farrar,John E. G. Good,Richard Harrington,Susane Hartley,T. Hefin Jones,Richard L. Lindroth,Malcolm C. Press,Ilias Symrnioudis,Allan D. Watt,J. B. Whittaker +18 more
TLDR
Future research needs to consider insect herbivore phenotypic and genotypic flexibility, their responses to global change parameters operating in concert, and awareness that some patterns may only become apparent in the longer term.Abstract:
This review examines the direct effects of climate change on insect herbivores. Temperature is identified as the dominant abiotic factor directly affecting herbivorous insects. There is little evidence of any direct effects of CO2 or UVB. Direct impacts of precipitation have been largely neglected in current research on climate change. Temperature directly affects development, survival, range and abundance. Species with a large geographical range will tend to be less affected. The main effect of temperature in temperate regions is to influence winter survival; at more northerly latitudes, higher temperatures extend the summer season, increasing the available thermal budget for growth and reproduction. Photoperiod is the dominant cue for the seasonal synchrony of temperate insects, but their thermal requirements may differ at different times of year. Interactions between photoperiod and temperature determine phenology; the two factors do not necessarily operate in tandem. Insect herbivores show a number of distinct life-history strategies to exploit plants with different growth forms and strategies, which will be differentially affected by climate warming. There are still many challenges facing biologists in predicting and monitoring the impacts of climate change. Future research needs to consider insect herbivore phenotypic and genotypic flexibility, their responses to global change parameters operating in concert, and awareness that some patterns may only become apparent in the longer term.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Little strokes fell great oaks: minor but chronic herbivory substantially reduces birch growth
TL;DR: It is concluded that in the long term, background herbivory is likely to impose stronger effects on the growth of woody plants than short-term devastating outbreaks of defoliators, thus contributing more to the development of plant evolutionary adaptations to Herbivory than severe but episodic bouts of damage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impacts of forest landscape structure and management on timber production and carbon stocks in the boreal forest ecosystem under changing climate
TL;DR: A process-based model was used to assess the sensitivity of timber production and carbon (C) sequestration to the structure (in terms of age class distribution) of a boreal forest landscape and to the management under changing climatic conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Thermal Stress on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
TL;DR: It is suggested that thermal stress induces oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzymes likely play an important role in reducing oxidative damage in B. dorsalis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Grasshopper Community Response to Climatic Change: Variation Along an Elevational Gradient
TL;DR: An ideal system along the Front Range of Colorado USA that provides a mechanistic link between climate and phenology is presented, suggesting that variation in amount and timing of warming over the growing season explains the vast majority of phenological variation in this system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pest management under climate change: The importance of understanding tritrophic relations.
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to assess the current state of knowledge and highlights the gaps in the existing literature concerning how climate change can affect tritrophic relations and models that could be applied to quantify alterations in the synchrony or asynchrony patterns.
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