Journal ArticleDOI
Herbivory in global climate change research: direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores
J. S. Bale,Gregory J. Masters,Ian D. Hodkinson,Caroline S. Awmack,T. Martijn Bezemer,Valerie K. Brown,Jennifer Butterfield,Alan Buse,John C. Coulson,John Farrar,John E. G. Good,Richard Harrington,Susane Hartley,T. Hefin Jones,Richard L. Lindroth,Malcolm C. Press,Ilias Symrnioudis,Allan D. Watt,J. B. Whittaker +18 more
TLDR
Future research needs to consider insect herbivore phenotypic and genotypic flexibility, their responses to global change parameters operating in concert, and awareness that some patterns may only become apparent in the longer term.Abstract:
This review examines the direct effects of climate change on insect herbivores. Temperature is identified as the dominant abiotic factor directly affecting herbivorous insects. There is little evidence of any direct effects of CO2 or UVB. Direct impacts of precipitation have been largely neglected in current research on climate change. Temperature directly affects development, survival, range and abundance. Species with a large geographical range will tend to be less affected. The main effect of temperature in temperate regions is to influence winter survival; at more northerly latitudes, higher temperatures extend the summer season, increasing the available thermal budget for growth and reproduction. Photoperiod is the dominant cue for the seasonal synchrony of temperate insects, but their thermal requirements may differ at different times of year. Interactions between photoperiod and temperature determine phenology; the two factors do not necessarily operate in tandem. Insect herbivores show a number of distinct life-history strategies to exploit plants with different growth forms and strategies, which will be differentially affected by climate warming. There are still many challenges facing biologists in predicting and monitoring the impacts of climate change. Future research needs to consider insect herbivore phenotypic and genotypic flexibility, their responses to global change parameters operating in concert, and awareness that some patterns may only become apparent in the longer term.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change
TL;DR: Range-restricted species, particularly polar and mountaintop species, show severe range contractions and have been the first groups in which entire species have gone extinct due to recent climate change.
Journal ArticleDOI
A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests
Craig D. Allen,Alison K. Macalady,Haroun Chenchouni,Dominique Bachelet,Nate G. McDowell,Michel Vennetier,Thomas Kitzberger,Andreas Rigling,David D. Breshears,Edward H. Hogg,Patrick Gonzalez,Rod Fensham,Zhen Zhang,Jorge Castro,N.A. Demidova,Jong Hwan Lim,Gillian Allard,Steven W. Running,Akkin Semerci,Neil S. Cobb +19 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the first global assessment of recent tree mortality attributed to drought and heat stress and identify key information gaps and scientific uncertainties that currently hinder our ability to predict tree mortality in response to climate change and emphasizes the need for a globally coordinated observation system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change impacts, adaptive capacity, and vulnerability of European forest ecosystems
Marcus Lindner,Michael Maroschek,Sigrid Netherer,Antoine Kremer,Anna Barbati,Jordi Garcia-Gonzalo,Rupert Seidl,Sylvain Delzon,Piermaria Corona,Marja Kolström,Manfred J. Lexer,Marco Marchetti +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the most important potential impacts of climate change on forest goods and services are summarized for the Boreal, Temperate Oceanic, TOC, Mediterranean, and mountainous regions.
Journal ArticleDOI
The interaction of plant biotic and abiotic stresses: from genes to the field
Nicky J. Atkinson,Peter E. Urwin +1 more
TL;DR: This review aims to characterize the interaction between biotic and abiotic stress responses at a molecular level, focusing on regulatory mechanisms important to both pathways.
Journal ArticleDOI
Abiotic and biotic stress combinations
TL;DR: This review will provide an update on recent studies focusing on the response of plants to a combination of different stresses, and address how different stress responses are integrated and how they impact plant growth and physiological traits.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of intra‐tree variation in time of budburst of white spruce on herbivory and the behaviour and survivorship of Zeiraphera canadensis
TL;DR: Intra‐tree variation in the time of budburst decreased the probability that first‐instar larvae would colonize the most important plant parts for growth and reduced the effectiveness of intra‐plant variation in budburst to reduce herbivory.
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Carabid life‐cycle strategies and climate change: a study on an altitude transect
TL;DR: The necessity for relatively sharp mandibles on entry into the breeding season may restrict the capacity of carabid beetles to respond to a temperature change by switching from annual to biennial cycles, and vice versa, adding support to the suggestion that carabids are more likely to response to climate change by shifting distributions than by physiological adaptation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Thermal ecology of gregarious and solitary nettle-feeding nymphalid butterfly larvae
TL;DR: The combination of behavioural thermoregulation and gregariousness in larval insects has important implications for voltinism patterns and range extension (via increased development rates) as a result of changes in cloud cover as well as changes in temperature.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of elevated UV‐B radiation on herbivory of pea by Autographa gamma
Paul E. Hatcher,Nigel D. Paul +1 more
TL;DR: The apparently major role of nitrogen in determining herbivore responses to changing UV‐B demonstrates the risks in predicting such responses soley on the basis of changes in phenolics and other secondary metabolites.
Journal ArticleDOI
The CO2 sense of the moth Cactoblastis cactorum and its probable role in the biological control of the CAM plant Opuntia stricta
TL;DR: It is proposed that by probing the boundary layer, females of C. cactorum can detect the healthiest, most active O. stricta cladodes, accounting for earlier observations that the most vigorous plants attract the greatest density of egg sticks.
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