Journal ArticleDOI
Herbivory in global climate change research: direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores
J. S. Bale,Gregory J. Masters,Ian D. Hodkinson,Caroline S. Awmack,T. Martijn Bezemer,Valerie K. Brown,Jennifer Butterfield,Alan Buse,John C. Coulson,John Farrar,John E. G. Good,Richard Harrington,Susane Hartley,T. Hefin Jones,Richard L. Lindroth,Malcolm C. Press,Ilias Symrnioudis,Allan D. Watt,J. B. Whittaker +18 more
TLDR
Future research needs to consider insect herbivore phenotypic and genotypic flexibility, their responses to global change parameters operating in concert, and awareness that some patterns may only become apparent in the longer term.Abstract:
This review examines the direct effects of climate change on insect herbivores. Temperature is identified as the dominant abiotic factor directly affecting herbivorous insects. There is little evidence of any direct effects of CO2 or UVB. Direct impacts of precipitation have been largely neglected in current research on climate change. Temperature directly affects development, survival, range and abundance. Species with a large geographical range will tend to be less affected. The main effect of temperature in temperate regions is to influence winter survival; at more northerly latitudes, higher temperatures extend the summer season, increasing the available thermal budget for growth and reproduction. Photoperiod is the dominant cue for the seasonal synchrony of temperate insects, but their thermal requirements may differ at different times of year. Interactions between photoperiod and temperature determine phenology; the two factors do not necessarily operate in tandem. Insect herbivores show a number of distinct life-history strategies to exploit plants with different growth forms and strategies, which will be differentially affected by climate warming. There are still many challenges facing biologists in predicting and monitoring the impacts of climate change. Future research needs to consider insect herbivore phenotypic and genotypic flexibility, their responses to global change parameters operating in concert, and awareness that some patterns may only become apparent in the longer term.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Plant diversity and insect herbivores: effects of environmental change in contrasting model systems
TL;DR: The extent to which plant species richness influences that of insect herbivores in two systems is examined: a long-term field experiment on heather moorland and a model community in the Ecotron controlled environment facility, finding indirect effects may have a bigger influence on insect-plant interactions than more direct effects of above-ground factors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transgenerational effects alter plant defence and resistance in nature.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that parental damage alters offspring trichome density and herbivore resistance in nature, and this response varies between populations, suggesting that selection can modify TPP in response to local conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Temperatures experienced by wood-boring beetles in the under-bark microclimate
Bradley Vermunt,Kim Cuddington,Stephanie Sobek-Swant,Jill C. Crosthwaite,D. Barry Lyons,Brent J. Sinclair +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, a large data set of under-bark temperatures of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in urban and woodlot environments at six different Ontario locations was used to investigate the difference between air and underbark temperature minima.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reduced growth sensitivity to climate in bark-beetle infested Aleppo pines: Connecting climatic and biotic drivers of forest dieback
TL;DR: Compared trees infested and recently killed by two abundant bark beetle species with non-infested living trees in a drought-prone Aleppo pine plantation to disentangle the long-term interaction between the two stressors, radial growth, resin production, mortality and intrinsic water-use efficiency were inferred from wood-carbon isotope discrimination.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multidecadal, county-level analysis of the effects of land use, Bt cotton, and weather on cotton pests in China.
Wei Zhang,Yanhui Lu,Wopke van der Werf,Jikun Huang,Jikun Huang,Feng Wu,Ke Zhou,Xiangzheng Deng,Yuying Jiang,Kongming Wu,Mark W. Rosegrant +10 more
TL;DR: Panel data on land use, adoption of genetically modified Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insect-resistant cotton, weather, pest severity, and insecticide use on three major cotton pests for 51 counties in China during 1991–2015 support the usefulness of Bt-based plant resistance as a component of integrated pest management (IPM) but highlight the potential for unexpected outcomes resulting from agro-ecosystem feedback loops as well as the importance of climate.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Poleward shifts in geographical ranges of butterfly species associated with regional warming
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