Journal ArticleDOI
Herbivory in global climate change research: direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores
J. S. Bale,Gregory J. Masters,Ian D. Hodkinson,Caroline S. Awmack,T. Martijn Bezemer,Valerie K. Brown,Jennifer Butterfield,Alan Buse,John C. Coulson,John Farrar,John E. G. Good,Richard Harrington,Susane Hartley,T. Hefin Jones,Richard L. Lindroth,Malcolm C. Press,Ilias Symrnioudis,Allan D. Watt,J. B. Whittaker +18 more
TLDR
Future research needs to consider insect herbivore phenotypic and genotypic flexibility, their responses to global change parameters operating in concert, and awareness that some patterns may only become apparent in the longer term.Abstract:
This review examines the direct effects of climate change on insect herbivores. Temperature is identified as the dominant abiotic factor directly affecting herbivorous insects. There is little evidence of any direct effects of CO2 or UVB. Direct impacts of precipitation have been largely neglected in current research on climate change. Temperature directly affects development, survival, range and abundance. Species with a large geographical range will tend to be less affected. The main effect of temperature in temperate regions is to influence winter survival; at more northerly latitudes, higher temperatures extend the summer season, increasing the available thermal budget for growth and reproduction. Photoperiod is the dominant cue for the seasonal synchrony of temperate insects, but their thermal requirements may differ at different times of year. Interactions between photoperiod and temperature determine phenology; the two factors do not necessarily operate in tandem. Insect herbivores show a number of distinct life-history strategies to exploit plants with different growth forms and strategies, which will be differentially affected by climate warming. There are still many challenges facing biologists in predicting and monitoring the impacts of climate change. Future research needs to consider insect herbivore phenotypic and genotypic flexibility, their responses to global change parameters operating in concert, and awareness that some patterns may only become apparent in the longer term.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluating ecosystem effects of climate change on tropical island streams using high spatial and temporal resolution sampling regimes
Therese C. Frauendorf,Richard A. MacKenzie,Ralph W. Tingley,Abby G. Frazier,Michael H. Riney,Rana W. El-Sabaawi +5 more
TL;DR: It is determined that predicted flow alterations would decrease stream resource and consumer quantity and quality, which can alter stream function, as well as biomass and habitat for freshwater, marine, and terrestrial consumers dependent on these resources.
Book ChapterDOI
Insects, Infestations, and Nutrient Fluxes
TL;DR: Michalzik et al. as discussed by the authors showed that the principle flow path of organic matter and associated nutrients from the canopy to the ground is provided by litterfall, amounting to annual fluxes of carbon between 900 and 2,600 kg ha−1 year−1 and 20−55 kg ha −1 year −1 for nitrogen.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of Seasonal and Temperature-Dependent Variation in Root Defense Metabolites on Herbivore Preference in Taraxacum officinale.
Wei Huang,Wei Huang,Zoe Bont,Maxime R. Hervé,Maxime R. Hervé,Christelle A. M. Robert,Matthias Erb +6 more
TL;DR: Seasonal changes in defensive root latex chemistry of Taraxacum officinale plants in the field are evaluated and fluctuations in temperature leads to variation in the production of a root defensive metabolites that co-varies with expected attack of a major root herbivore.
Dissertation
Moths and Mountains: Diversity, Altitude and Latitude
TL;DR: Kitching et al. as mentioned in this paper examined patterns of diversity in a large subset of night-flying moths along an altitudinal gradient in subtropical rainforest and suggested a group of moth species that may be used to monitor altitudinal shifts in distributions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change 2001: the scientific basis
John Theodore Houghton,Y. Ding,David John Griggs,M. Noguer,P. J. van der Linden,X. Dai,K. Maskell,C. A. Johnson +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the climate system and its dynamics, including observed climate variability and change, the carbon cycle, atmospheric chemistry and greenhouse gases, and their direct and indirect effects.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Poleward shifts in geographical ranges of butterfly species associated with regional warming
Camille Parmesan,Nils Ryrholm,Constantí Stefanescu,Jane K. Hill,Chris D. Thomas,Henri Descimon,Brian Huntley,Lauri Kaila,Jaakko Kullberg,Toomas Tammaru,W. John Tennent,Jeremy A. Thomas,Martin Warren +12 more
TL;DR: The authors showed that migratory species can respond rapidly to yearly climate variation, and further global warming is predicted to continue for the next 50-100 years, and some migratory animals can respond quickly to climate variation.
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