Journal ArticleDOI
Herbivory in global climate change research: direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores
J. S. Bale,Gregory J. Masters,Ian D. Hodkinson,Caroline S. Awmack,T. Martijn Bezemer,Valerie K. Brown,Jennifer Butterfield,Alan Buse,John C. Coulson,John Farrar,John E. G. Good,Richard Harrington,Susane Hartley,T. Hefin Jones,Richard L. Lindroth,Malcolm C. Press,Ilias Symrnioudis,Allan D. Watt,J. B. Whittaker +18 more
TLDR
Future research needs to consider insect herbivore phenotypic and genotypic flexibility, their responses to global change parameters operating in concert, and awareness that some patterns may only become apparent in the longer term.Abstract:
This review examines the direct effects of climate change on insect herbivores. Temperature is identified as the dominant abiotic factor directly affecting herbivorous insects. There is little evidence of any direct effects of CO2 or UVB. Direct impacts of precipitation have been largely neglected in current research on climate change. Temperature directly affects development, survival, range and abundance. Species with a large geographical range will tend to be less affected. The main effect of temperature in temperate regions is to influence winter survival; at more northerly latitudes, higher temperatures extend the summer season, increasing the available thermal budget for growth and reproduction. Photoperiod is the dominant cue for the seasonal synchrony of temperate insects, but their thermal requirements may differ at different times of year. Interactions between photoperiod and temperature determine phenology; the two factors do not necessarily operate in tandem. Insect herbivores show a number of distinct life-history strategies to exploit plants with different growth forms and strategies, which will be differentially affected by climate warming. There are still many challenges facing biologists in predicting and monitoring the impacts of climate change. Future research needs to consider insect herbivore phenotypic and genotypic flexibility, their responses to global change parameters operating in concert, and awareness that some patterns may only become apparent in the longer term.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Defoliation reduces growth but not carbon reserves in Mediterranean Pinus pinaster trees
TL;DR: Although substantial carbon and nitrogen reserves were removed from defoliated trees prior to bud break, non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) concentrations in branches and needles fell below control values only during the first half of the growing season, and considerable amounts of NSC persisted throughout the year.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sequencing and de novo assembly of the western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) transcriptome.
TL;DR: The L. hesperus transcriptome advances the underlying molecular understanding of this arthropod pest by significantly increasing the number of known genes, and provides the basis for further exploration and understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of abiotic stress responses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Elevational shifts in thermal suitability for mountain pine beetle population growth in a changing climate
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a mechanistic, phenology-based demographic model driven by downscaled daily temperature data to describe recent and future spatial and temporal thermal suitability for mountain pine beetle population growth in a topographically complex region.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dissecting insect responses to climate warming: overwintering and post‐diapause performance in the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula, under simulated climate‐change conditions
TL;DR: The results suggest that, under the expected climate‐warming conditions, N. viridula will likely benefit mostly as a result of increased winter and spring survival and advanced post‐diapause reproduction, thus promoting the establishment of this species in newly‐colonized areas.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antioxidant responses of Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae exposed to thermal stress
TL;DR: It is suggested that thermal stress leads to oxidative stress and that antioxidant enzymes and the Hsp70 play an important role in reducing oxidative damage in C. suppressalis larvae.
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