Journal ArticleDOI
Herbivory in global climate change research: direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores
J. S. Bale,Gregory J. Masters,Ian D. Hodkinson,Caroline S. Awmack,T. Martijn Bezemer,Valerie K. Brown,Jennifer Butterfield,Alan Buse,John C. Coulson,John Farrar,John E. G. Good,Richard Harrington,Susane Hartley,T. Hefin Jones,Richard L. Lindroth,Malcolm C. Press,Ilias Symrnioudis,Allan D. Watt,J. B. Whittaker +18 more
TLDR
Future research needs to consider insect herbivore phenotypic and genotypic flexibility, their responses to global change parameters operating in concert, and awareness that some patterns may only become apparent in the longer term.Abstract:
This review examines the direct effects of climate change on insect herbivores. Temperature is identified as the dominant abiotic factor directly affecting herbivorous insects. There is little evidence of any direct effects of CO2 or UVB. Direct impacts of precipitation have been largely neglected in current research on climate change. Temperature directly affects development, survival, range and abundance. Species with a large geographical range will tend to be less affected. The main effect of temperature in temperate regions is to influence winter survival; at more northerly latitudes, higher temperatures extend the summer season, increasing the available thermal budget for growth and reproduction. Photoperiod is the dominant cue for the seasonal synchrony of temperate insects, but their thermal requirements may differ at different times of year. Interactions between photoperiod and temperature determine phenology; the two factors do not necessarily operate in tandem. Insect herbivores show a number of distinct life-history strategies to exploit plants with different growth forms and strategies, which will be differentially affected by climate warming. There are still many challenges facing biologists in predicting and monitoring the impacts of climate change. Future research needs to consider insect herbivore phenotypic and genotypic flexibility, their responses to global change parameters operating in concert, and awareness that some patterns may only become apparent in the longer term.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Global patterns in background losses of woody plant foliage to insects
TL;DR: This study provides solid support for the hypothesis of a decrease in background herbivory with latitude, but only outside the tropics, and demonstrates for the first time that the latitudinal gradient in insect herbvory across the globe is nonlinear, i.e. its slope differs between the climate zones.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon dioxide exchange of a Russian boreal forest after disturbance by wind throw
Alexander Knohl,Olaf Kolle,Tatiana Y. Minayeva,Irina M. Milyukova,Natalja N. Vygodskaya,Thomas Foken,Ernst Detlef Schulze +6 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Antioxidant responses of citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), exposed to thermal stress.
TL;DR: It is suggested that thermal stress leads to oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes play an important role in reducing oxidative damage in the citrus red mite.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maintenance of temporal synchrony between syrphid flies and floral resources despite differential phenological responses to climate
Amy M. Iler,David W. Inouye,David W. Inouye,Toke T. Høye,Abraham J. Miller-Rushing,Abraham J. Miller-Rushing,Laura A. Burkle,Laura A. Burkle,Eleanor B. Johnston +8 more
TL;DR: The results show that interacting taxa may respond to different phenological cues and to the same cues at different rates but still maintain phenological synchrony over a range of abiotic conditions, but also indicate that some individual plant species may overlap with the syrphid community for fewer days under continued climate change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of summer drought on forest biodiversity: what do we know?
Frédéric Archaux,Volkmar Wolters +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of summer droughts on forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is assessed, and the short-term consequences of drought on biodiversity depend on species abilities to resist, and to recover after, drought, and on competitive interactions between species.
References
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