Journal ArticleDOI
Herbivory in global climate change research: direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores
J. S. Bale,Gregory J. Masters,Ian D. Hodkinson,Caroline S. Awmack,T. Martijn Bezemer,Valerie K. Brown,Jennifer Butterfield,Alan Buse,John C. Coulson,John Farrar,John E. G. Good,Richard Harrington,Susane Hartley,T. Hefin Jones,Richard L. Lindroth,Malcolm C. Press,Ilias Symrnioudis,Allan D. Watt,J. B. Whittaker +18 more
TLDR
Future research needs to consider insect herbivore phenotypic and genotypic flexibility, their responses to global change parameters operating in concert, and awareness that some patterns may only become apparent in the longer term.Abstract:
This review examines the direct effects of climate change on insect herbivores. Temperature is identified as the dominant abiotic factor directly affecting herbivorous insects. There is little evidence of any direct effects of CO2 or UVB. Direct impacts of precipitation have been largely neglected in current research on climate change. Temperature directly affects development, survival, range and abundance. Species with a large geographical range will tend to be less affected. The main effect of temperature in temperate regions is to influence winter survival; at more northerly latitudes, higher temperatures extend the summer season, increasing the available thermal budget for growth and reproduction. Photoperiod is the dominant cue for the seasonal synchrony of temperate insects, but their thermal requirements may differ at different times of year. Interactions between photoperiod and temperature determine phenology; the two factors do not necessarily operate in tandem. Insect herbivores show a number of distinct life-history strategies to exploit plants with different growth forms and strategies, which will be differentially affected by climate warming. There are still many challenges facing biologists in predicting and monitoring the impacts of climate change. Future research needs to consider insect herbivore phenotypic and genotypic flexibility, their responses to global change parameters operating in concert, and awareness that some patterns may only become apparent in the longer term.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Aphids in a changing world: testing the plant stress, plant vigour and pulsed stress hypotheses
TL;DR: The present study supports the plant stress hypothesis, although the plant vigour and pulsed stress hypotheses are not supported by the data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impacts of climate change on the livestock food supply chain; a review of the evidence.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the risk of climate-related impacts along the land-based livestock food supply chain, from farm production to processing operations, storage, transport, retailing and human consumption.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modelling tree mortality by bark beetle infestation in Norway spruce forests
TL;DR: It is concluded that the presented model is a promising tool to analyse the dynamic interaction of disturbances by I. typographus, environmental conditions and forest structure as affected by natural forest development and management interventions.
Journal ArticleDOI
General herbivore outbreak following an El Niño-related drought in a lowland Panamanian forest
Sunshine A. Van Bael,Annette Aiello,Anayansi Valderrama,Enrique Medianero,Mirna Samaniego,S. Joseph Wright +5 more
TL;DR: A severe outbreak of Lepidoptera followed the 1997–98 El Niño Southern Oscillation event, during which the climate in central Panama was unusually dry, and damage levels increased by more than 250% during the outbreak.
Journal ArticleDOI
The potential of willow and poplar plantations as carbon sinks in Sweden
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimated the rate of carbon sequestration in biomass and soil in willow and poplar plantations over the first 20-22 years, based on above and below ground biomass production data from field experiments, including fine root turnover, litter decomposition rates, and production levels from commercial plantations.
References
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