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Journal ArticleDOI

Herbivory in global climate change research: direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores

TLDR
Future research needs to consider insect herbivore phenotypic and genotypic flexibility, their responses to global change parameters operating in concert, and awareness that some patterns may only become apparent in the longer term.
Abstract
This review examines the direct effects of climate change on insect herbivores. Temperature is identified as the dominant abiotic factor directly affecting herbivorous insects. There is little evidence of any direct effects of CO2 or UVB. Direct impacts of precipitation have been largely neglected in current research on climate change. Temperature directly affects development, survival, range and abundance. Species with a large geographical range will tend to be less affected. The main effect of temperature in temperate regions is to influence winter survival; at more northerly latitudes, higher temperatures extend the summer season, increasing the available thermal budget for growth and reproduction. Photoperiod is the dominant cue for the seasonal synchrony of temperate insects, but their thermal requirements may differ at different times of year. Interactions between photoperiod and temperature determine phenology; the two factors do not necessarily operate in tandem. Insect herbivores show a number of distinct life-history strategies to exploit plants with different growth forms and strategies, which will be differentially affected by climate warming. There are still many challenges facing biologists in predicting and monitoring the impacts of climate change. Future research needs to consider insect herbivore phenotypic and genotypic flexibility, their responses to global change parameters operating in concert, and awareness that some patterns may only become apparent in the longer term.

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Citations
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Aphids in a changing world: testing the plant stress, plant vigour and pulsed stress hypotheses

TL;DR: The present study supports the plant stress hypothesis, although the plant vigour and pulsed stress hypotheses are not supported by the data.
Journal ArticleDOI

Impacts of climate change on the livestock food supply chain; a review of the evidence.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the risk of climate-related impacts along the land-based livestock food supply chain, from farm production to processing operations, storage, transport, retailing and human consumption.
Journal ArticleDOI

Modelling tree mortality by bark beetle infestation in Norway spruce forests

TL;DR: It is concluded that the presented model is a promising tool to analyse the dynamic interaction of disturbances by I. typographus, environmental conditions and forest structure as affected by natural forest development and management interventions.
Journal ArticleDOI

General herbivore outbreak following an El Niño-related drought in a lowland Panamanian forest

TL;DR: A severe outbreak of Lepidoptera followed the 1997–98 El Niño Southern Oscillation event, during which the climate in central Panama was unusually dry, and damage levels increased by more than 250% during the outbreak.
Journal ArticleDOI

The potential of willow and poplar plantations as carbon sinks in Sweden

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimated the rate of carbon sequestration in biomass and soil in willow and poplar plantations over the first 20-22 years, based on above and below ground biomass production data from field experiments, including fine root turnover, litter decomposition rates, and production levels from commercial plantations.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Climate change 2001: the scientific basis

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the climate system and its dynamics, including observed climate variability and change, the carbon cycle, atmospheric chemistry and greenhouse gases, and their direct and indirect effects.
Book

Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change

TL;DR: The most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment available for scientific understanding of human influences on the past present and future climate is "Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change" as mentioned in this paper.
Book

The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography

C. Raunkiær
TL;DR: The publication of a collected edition in English of the works of Professor Raunkiaer is a considerable event in the history of the science of vegetation; and Englishspeaking students of the subject all over the world have reason to be grateful to the Danish committee which conceived the plan and helped to finance the undertaking as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI

Poleward shifts in geographical ranges of butterfly species associated with regional warming

TL;DR: The authors showed that migratory species can respond rapidly to yearly climate variation, and further global warming is predicted to continue for the next 50-100 years, and some migratory animals can respond quickly to climate variation.
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Trending Questions (1)
Is the herbivorous insects prevalence dependant of season changes?

Yes, the prevalence of herbivorous insects is dependent on season changes, particularly the warmer part of the year.