Journal ArticleDOI
Homocysteine Lowering with Folic Acid and B Vitamins in Vascular Disease
Eva Lonn,Salim Yusuf,J.M. Arnold,Janice Pogue,Mary Micks,Matthew J. McQueen,Jeffrey L. Probstfield +6 more
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TLDR
Supplements combining folic acid and vitamins B6 and B12 did not reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events in patients with vascular disease.Abstract:
risk, 0.95; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.84 to 1.07; P = 0.41). As compared with placebo, active treatment did not significantly decrease the risk of death from cardiovascular causes (relative risk, 0.96; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.81 to 1.13), myocardial infarction (relative risk, 0.98; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.85 to 1.14), or any of the secondary outcomes. Fewer patients assigned to active treatment than to placebo had a stroke (relative risk, 0.75; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.59 to 0.97). More patients in the active-treatment group were hospitalized for unstable angina (relative risk, 1.24; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.49). Conclusions Supplements combining folic acid and vitamins B 6 and B 12 did not reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events in patients with vascular disease. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00106886; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN14017017.)read more
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Risk Factors for Early Myocardial Infarction in South Asians Compared With Individuals in Other Countries
Prashant P. Joshi,Shofiqul Islam,Prem Pais,Srinath Reddy,Prabhakaran Dorairaj,Khawar Kazmi,Mrigendra Raj Pandey,Sirajul Haque,Shanthi Mendis,Sumathy Rangarajan,Salim Yusuf +10 more
TL;DR: The earlier age of AMI in South Asians can be largely explained by higher risk factor levels at younger ages, particularly for smoking and psychosocial factors such as depression and stress at work or home.
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American association of clinical endocrinologists and american college of endocrinology guidelines for management of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease
Paul S. Jellinger,Yehuda Handelsman,Paul D. Rosenblit,Zachary T. Bloomgarden,Vivian Fonseca,Alan J. Garber,George Grunberger,Chris K. Guerin,David S.H. Bell,Jeffrey I. Mechanick,Rachel Pessah-Pollack,Kathleen Wyne,Donald A. Smith,Eliot A. Brinton,Sergio Fazio,Michael H. Davidson,Farhad Zangeneh,Michael A. Bush +17 more
TL;DR: This CPG is a practical tool that endocrinologists, other health care professionals, health-related organizations, and regulatory bodies can use to reduce the risks and consequences of dyslipidemia.
Journal ArticleDOI
2009 Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult - 2009 recommendations
Jacques Genest,Ruth McPherson,Jiri Frohlich,Todd J. Anderson,Norm R.C. Campbell,André C. Carpentier,Patrick Couture,Robert Dufour,George Fodor,Gordon A. Francis,Steven A. Grover,Milan Gupta,Robert A. Hegele,David C.W. Lau,Lawrence A. Leiter,Gary F. Lewis,Eva Lonn,G.B. John Mancini,Dominic S. Ng,Glen J. Pearson,Allan D. Sniderman,James A. Stone,Ehud Ur +22 more
TL;DR: The present article represents the 2009 update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult.
Journal ArticleDOI
2021 Guideline for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Dawn Kleindorfer,Amytis Towfighi,Seemant Chaturvedi,Kevin M. Cockroft,Jose Gutierrez,Debbie Lombardi-Hill,Hooman Kamel,Walter N. Kernan,Steven J. Kittner,Enrique C. Leira,Olive Lennon,James F. Meschia,Thanh N. Nguyen,Peter M. Pollak,Pasquale Santangeli,Anjail Sharrief,Sidney C. Smith,Tanya N. Turan,Linda S. Williams +18 more
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Sex/Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention What a Difference a Decade Makes
TL;DR: The purposes of this article are to evaluate contemporary sex/gender differences in the burden of CVD, to assess the impact of recent clinical trials on recommendations for the prevention ofCVD in women, and to examine factors that may facilitate or impede quality CVD preventive care in women.
References
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Randomized Trial of Estrogen Plus Progestin for Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women
Stephen B. Hulley,Deborah Grady,Trudy L. Bush,Curt D Furberg,David M. Herrington,Betty Riggs,Eric Vittinghoff +6 more
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors defined the definition of MI and established the following criteria for acute, evolving or recent MI: 1) Typical rise and gradual fall (troponin) or more rapid rise and fall (CK-MB) of biochemical markers of myocardial necrosis with at least one of the following: a) ischemic symptoms; b) development of pathologic Qwaves on the ECG; c) ECG changes indicative of ischemia (ST segment elevation or depression); or d) coronary artery intervention (e.g., coronary ang
Journal ArticleDOI
A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Probable benefits of increasing folic acid intakes
TL;DR: Higher folic acid intake by reducing tHcy levels promises to prevent arteriosclerotic vascular disease and under different assumptions, 13,500 to 50,000 CAD deaths annually could be avoided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myocardial infarction redefined - A consensus document of the Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction
Joseph S. Alpert,Elliott M. Antman,Fred S. Apple,Paul W. Armstrong,J. P. Bassand,A. B. De Luna,George A. Beller,Günter Breithardt,Bernard R. Chaitman,Peter Clemmensen,Erling Falk,Michael C. Fishbein,Marcello Galvani,A Jr Garson,Cindy L. Grines,Christian W. Hamm,B. Nauheim,Uta C. Hoppe,Allan S. Jaffe,Hugo A. Katus,J. Kjeksus,Werner Klein,P. Klootwijk,C. Lenfant,Daniel Levy,R. I. Levy,Russell V. Luepker,F. Marcus,Ulf Näslund,Magnus Ohman,O. Pahlm,P. A. Poole-Wilson,R. Popp,Kalevi Pyörälä,Jan Ravkilde,N. Rehnquist,W. Roberts,Robert Roberts,J. Roelandt,Lars Rydén,Susana Sans,M. L. Simoons,Kristian Thygesen,Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe,Richard Underwood,Barry F. Uretsky,F. Van de Werf,L. M. Voipio-Pulkki,Galen S. Wagner,Lars Wallentin,William Wijns,David R. Wood +51 more
TL;DR: Biochemical markers of myocardial necrosis may have normalized, depending on the length of time that has passed since the infarct developed, and one of the following criteria satisfies the diagnosis for established MI: development of new pathologic Q waves on serial ECGs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Homocysteine and atherothrombosis
George N. Welch,Joseph Loscalzo +1 more
TL;DR: In 1969, McCully reported autopsy evidence of extensive arterial thrombosis and atherosclerosis in two children with elevated plasma homocyst(e)ine concentrations and homocysteine thiolactone, and it has recently become clear that hyperhomocyst (e)inemia is an independent risk factor.
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