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Journal ArticleDOI

Immunological Memory and Protective Immunity: Understanding Their Relation

Rafi Ahmed, +1 more
- 05 Apr 1996 - 
- Vol. 272, Iss: 5258, pp 54-60
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TLDR
The current understanding of the cellular basis of immune memory is reviewed and the relative contributions made to protective immunity by memory and effector T and B cells are examined.
Abstract
The immune system can remember, sometimes for a lifetime, the identity of a pathogen. Understanding how this is accomplished has fascinated immunologists and microbiologists for many years, but there is still considerable debate regarding the mechanisms by which long-term immunity is maintained. Some of the controversy stems from a failure to distinguish between effector and memory cells and to define their roles in conferring protection against disease. Here the current understanding of the cellular basis of immune memory is reviewed and the relative contributions made to protective immunity by memory and effector T and B cells are examined.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions

TL;DR: It is shown that expression of CCR7, a chemokine receptor that controls homing to secondary lymphoid organs, divides human memory T cells into two functionally distinct subsets, which are named central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM).
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Lymphocyte homing and homeostasis.

TL;DR: A review of the molecular basis of lymphocyte homing is presented, and mechanisms by which homing physiology regulates the homeostasis of immunologic resources are proposed.
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Regulation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide production by the protein kinase Akt.

TL;DR: It is shown that the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt (protein kinase B) can directly phosphorylate eNOS on serine 1179 and activate the enzyme, leading to NO production, whereas mutant eN OS (S1179A) is resistant to phosphorylation and activation by Akt.
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Counting Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells: A Reevaluation of Bystander Activation during Viral Infection

TL;DR: Much of the CD8 T cell expansion seen during viral infection represents antigen-specific cells and warrants a revision of current thinking on the size of the antiviral response.
Journal ArticleDOI

About sleep's role in memory

TL;DR: This review aims to comprehensively cover the field of "sleep and memory" research by providing a historical perspective on concepts and a discussion of more recent key findings.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The Fas Death Factor

TL;DR: Fas ligand (FasL), a cell surface molecule belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family, binds to its receptor Fas, thus inducing apoptosis of Fas-bearing cells.
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Social controls on cell survival and cell death

TL;DR: For some mammalian cells, programmed death seems to occur by default unless suppressed by signals from other cells, so dependence on specific survival signals provides a simple way to eliminate misplaced cells, for regulating cell numbers and, perhaps, for selecting the fittest cells.
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A B cell-deficient mouse by targeted disruption of the membrane exon of the immunoglobulin μ chain gene

TL;DR: The importance of the membrane form of the μ chain in B-cell development is assessed by generating mice lacking this chain by disrupting one of the membranes exons of the gene encoding the μ-chain constant region by gene targeting in mouse embryonic stem cells.
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Fas and Perforin Pathways as Major Mechanisms of T Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity

TL;DR: The perforin- and Fas-based mechanisms may account for all T cell-mediated cytotoxicity in short-term in vitro assays, and no third mechanism was detected.
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Generalized lymphoproliferative disease in mice, caused by a point mutation in the fas ligand

TL;DR: The results indicate that lpr and gld are mutations in Fas and Fasl, respectively, and suggest important roles of the Fas system in development of T cells as well as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity.
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