Journal ArticleDOI
Lineage relationship and protective immunity of memory CD8 T cell subsets.
E. John Wherry,Volker Teichgräber,Todd C. Becker,David Masopust,Susan M. Kaech,Rustom Antia,Ulrich H. von Andrian,Rafi Ahmed +7 more
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TLDR
It is proposed that TCM and TEM do not necessarily represent distinct subsets, but are part of a continuum in a linear naive → effector → TEM → TCM differentiation pathway.Abstract:
Memory CD8 T cells can be divided into two subsets, central (TCM) and effector (TEM), but their lineage relationships and their ability to persist and confer protective immunity are not well understood. Our results show that TCM have a greater capacity than TEM to persist in vivo and are more efficient in mediating protective immunity because of their increased proliferative potential.We also demonstrate that, following antigen clearance, TEM convert to TCM and that the duration of this differentiation is programmed within the first week after immunization.We propose that TCM and TEM do not necessarily represent distinct subsets, but are part of a continuum in a linear naive → effector → TEM → TCM differentiation pathway.read more
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Central Memory and Effector Memory T Cell Subsets: Function, Generation, and Maintenance
TL;DR: This review addresses the heterogeneity of TCM and TEM, their differentiation stages, and the current models for their generation and maintenance in humans and mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Selective expression of the interleukin 7 receptor identifies effector CD8 T cells that give rise to long-lived memory cells
TL;DR: Increased expression of the interleukin 7 receptor α-chain (IL-7Rα) identifies the effector CD8 T cells that will differentiate into memory cells, and this marker may be useful in predicting the number of memory T cells generated after infection or immunization.
Journal ArticleDOI
Coregulation of CD8+ T cell exhaustion by multiple inhibitory receptors during chronic viral infection
Shawn D. Blackburn,Haina Shin,W. Nicholas Haining,W. Nicholas Haining,Tao Zou,Creg J. Workman,Antonio Polley,Michael R. Betts,Gordon J. Freeman,Dario A. A. Vignali,E. John Wherry +10 more
TL;DR: It is shown that exhausted CD8+ T cells are subject to complex layers of negative regulation resulting from the coexpression of multiple inhibitory receptors, and regulation of T cell exhaustion by various inhibitory pathways was nonredundant.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inflammation directs memory precursor and short-lived effector CD8(+) T cell fates via the graded expression of T-bet transcription factor.
Nikhil S. Joshi,Weiguo Cui,Anmol Chandele,Heung Kyu Lee,David Urso,James Hagman,Laurent Gapin,Susan M. Kaech +7 more
TL;DR: A mechanism by which the innate immune system sets the relative amounts of a lineage-determining transcription factor in activated CD8(+) T cells and regulates their memory cell potential is elucidated.
Journal ArticleDOI
A human memory T cell subset with stem cell-like properties
Luca Gattinoni,Enrico Lugli,Yun Ji,Zoltan Pos,Chrystal M. Paulos,Máire F. Quigley,Máire F. Quigley,Jorge R. Almeida,Emma Gostick,Zhiya Yu,Carmine Carpenito,Ena Wang,Daniel C. Douek,David Price,David Price,Carl H. June,Francesco M. Marincola,Mario Roederer,Nicholas P. Restifo +18 more
TL;DR: A long-lived human memory T cell population that has an enhanced capacity for self-renewal and a multipotent ability to derive central memory, effector memory and effector T cells is described.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Dendritic cells and the control of immunity
TL;DR: Once a neglected cell type, dendritic cells can now be readily obtained in sufficient quantities to allow molecular and cell biological analysis and the realization that these cells are a powerful tool for manipulating the immune system is realized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions
TL;DR: It is shown that expression of CCR7, a chemokine receptor that controls homing to secondary lymphoid organs, divides human memory T cells into two functionally distinct subsets, which are named central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM).
Journal ArticleDOI
Counting Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells: A Reevaluation of Bystander Activation during Viral Infection
Kaja Murali-Krishna,John D. Altman,M. Suresh,David J. D. Sourdive,Allan J. Zajac,Joseph D. Miller,Jill E. Slansky,Rafi Ahmed +7 more
TL;DR: Much of the CD8 T cell expansion seen during viral infection represents antigen-specific cells and warrants a revision of current thinking on the size of the antiviral response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preferential Localization of Effector Memory Cells in Nonlymphoid Tissue
TL;DR: In response to viral or bacterial infection, antigen-specific CD8 T cells migrated to nonlymphoid tissues and were present as long-lived memory cells, pointing to the existence of a population of extralymphoid effector memory T cells poised for immediate response to infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Viral Immune Evasion Due to Persistence of Activated T Cells Without Effector Function
Allan J. Zajac,Joseph N. Blattman,Kaja Murali-Krishna,David J. D. Sourdive,M. Suresh,John D. Altman,Rafi Ahmed +6 more
TL;DR: The persistence of activated virus-specific CD8 T cells without effector function reveals a novel mechanism for silencing antiviral immune responses and also offers new possibilities for enhancingCD8 T cell immunity in chronically infected hosts.