Journal ArticleDOI
In vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles
Manosij Ghosh,J. Manivannan,Sonali Sinha,Anirban Chakraborty,Sanjaya K. Mallick,Maumita Bandyopadhyay,Anita Mukherjee +6 more
TLDR
A good correlation between the in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that the biological applications employing Ag-np should be given special attention besides adapting the antimicrobial potential.Abstract:
The biocidal effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag-np) has resulted in their incorporation into consumer products. While the population exposed to Ag-np continues to increase with ever new applications, Ag-np remains a controversial research area with regard to their toxicity in biological systems. Here a genotoxic and cytotoxic approach was employed to elucidate the activity of Ag-np in vitro and in vivo. Characterization of Ag-np using scanning electron microscopy revealed a size range of 90-180nm. Cytotoxic potential of Ag-np was evaluated in human lymphocytes via cell viability assay (Trypan blue dye exclusion method, MTT and WST assay). The uptake and incorporation of Ag-np into the lymphocytes was confirmed by flow cytometry. Additionally apoptosis (AnnexinV-FITC-PI staining) and DNA strand breaks (comet assay) in human lymphocytes revealed that Ag-np at concentration 25μg/ml can cause genotoxicity. In vivo experiments on plants (Allium cepa and Nicotiana tabacum) and animal (Swiss albino male mice) showed impairment of nuclear DNA. Induction of oxidative stress was also studied. The DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations raise the concern about the safety associated with applications of the Ag-np. A single ip administration of Ag-np gave a significant (P≤0.05) increase in the frequency of aberrant cells and Tail DNA percent at concentrations 10mg/kg body weight and above. Results of comet assay in A. cepa and N. tabacum demonstrated that the genotoxic effect of Ag-np was more pronounced in root than shoot/leaf of the plants. The present study indicated a good correlation between the in vitro and in vivo experiments. Therefore the biological applications employing Ag-np should be given special attention besides adapting the antimicrobial potential.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Critical Review on the Toxicity of Some Widely Used Engineered Nanoparticles
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have shown that nanoparticles have shown major toxic effects on fauna, flora, and human beings, such as inflammation, cytotoxicity, tissue ulceration, and reduction of cell viability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toxicity of silver ions, metallic silver, and silver nanoparticle materials after in vivo dermal and mucosal surface exposure: A review
TL;DR: Silver may cause genotoxicity, but additional data are required to assess its carcinogenic potential and other reported toxicities include hepatic, renal, neurological, and hematological effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Silver nanoparticles in soil–plant systems
TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of sources, status, fate, and chemistry of silver nanoparticles in soils, AgNPs-impact on soil biota, and critically discusses terrestrial plant responses to AgNs exposure, and illustrates the knowledge gaps in the current perspective.
Journal ArticleDOI
In Vivo Genotoxicity Assessment of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles by Allium cepa Root Tip Assay at High Exposure Concentrations
Sunandan Pakrashi,Nitin R Jain,Swayamprava Dalai,Jerobin Jayakumar,Prathna Thanjavur Chandrasekaran,Ashok M. Raichur,Natarajan Chandrasekaran,Amitava Mukherjee +7 more
TL;DR: The bio-uptake of TiO2 in particulate form was the key cause of reactive oxygen species generation, which was probably the cause of the DNA aberrations and genotoxicity observed in this study.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of ZnO nanoparticles in plants: Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, deregulation of antioxidant defenses, and cell-cycle arrest
Manosij Ghosh,Aditi Jana,Sonali Sinha,Manivannan Jothiramajayam,Anish Nag,Anirban Chakraborty,Amitava Mukherjee,Anita Mukherjee +7 more
TL;DR: Evidence is provided of ZnO np toxicity, characterized by deregulation of components of ROS-antioxidant machinery, leading to DNA damage, cell-cycle arrest, and cell death, in plants, especially Allium cepa.
References
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Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Human Cells
TL;DR: A possible mechanism of toxicity is proposed which involves disruption of the mitochondrial respiratory chain by Ag-np leading to production of ROS and interruption of ATP synthesis, which in turn cause DNA damage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanomaterials in the environment: Behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects
Stephen J. Klaine,Pedro J. J. Alvarez,Graeme E. Batley,Teresa F. Fernandes,Richard D. Handy,Delina Y. Lyon,Shaily Mahendra,Mike J. McLaughlin,Jamie R. Lead +8 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Nanoparticle-mediated cellular response is size-dependent
TL;DR: It is shown that gold and silver nanoparticles coated with antibodies can regulate the process of membrane receptor internalization and show that nanoparticles should no longer be viewed as simple carriers for biomedical applications, but can also play an active role in mediating biological effects.