Indoor air pollution in developing countries: a major environmental and public health challenge
TLDR
Indoor air pollution is a major global public health threat requiring greatly increased efforts in the areas of research and policy-making and research on its health effects should be strengthened, particularly in relation to tuberculosis and acute lower respiratory infections.Abstract:
Around 50% of people, almost all in developing countries, rely on coal and biomass in the form of wood, dung and crop residues for domestic energy. These materials are typically burnt in simple stoves with very incomplete combustion. Consequently, women and young children are exposed to high levels of indoor air pollution every day. There is consistent evidence that indoor air pollution increases the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and of acute respiratory infections in childhood, the most important cause of death among children under 5 years of age in developing countries. Evidence also exists of associations with low birth weight, increased infant and perinatal mortality, pulmonary tuberculosis, nasopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer, cataract, and, specifically in respect of the use of coal, with lung cancer. Conflicting evidence exists with regard to asthma. All studies are observational and very few have measured exposure directly, while a substantial proportion have not dealt with confounding. As a result, risk estimates are poorly quantified and may be biased. Exposure to indoor air pollution may be responsible for nearly 2 million excess deaths in developing countries and for some 4% of the global burden of disease. Indoor air pollution is a major global public health threat requiring greatly increased efforts in the areas of research and policy-making. Research on its health effects should be strengthened, particularly in relation to tuberculosis and acute lower respiratory infections. A more systematic approach to the development and evaluation of interventions is desirable, with clearer recognition of the interrelationships between poverty and dependence on polluting fuels.read more
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Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen)
Jean Bousquet,N. Khaltaev,Alvaro A. Cruz,Judah A. Denburg,W. J. Fokkens,Alkis Togias,T. Zuberbier,Carlos E. Baena-Cagnani,Giorgio Walter Canonica,C. van Weel,Ioana Agache,Nadia Aït-Khaled,Claus Bachert,Michael S. Blaiss,Sergio Bonini,L.-P. Boulet,Philippe-Jean Bousquet,Paulo Augusto Moreira Camargos,K-H. Carlsen,Y. Z. Chen,Adnan Custovic,Ronald Dahl,Pascal Demoly,H. Douagui,Stephen R. Durham,R. Gerth van Wijk,O. Kalayci,Michael A. Kaliner,You Young Kim,Marek L. Kowalski,Piotr Kuna,L. T. T. Le,Catherine Lemière,Jing Li,Richard F. Lockey,S. Mavale-Manuel,Eli O. Meltzer,Y. Mohammad,J Mullol,Robert M. Naclerio,Robyn E O'Hehir,K. Ohta,S. Ouedraogo,S. Palkonen,Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos,Gianni Passalacqua,Ruby Pawankar,Todor A. Popov,Klaus F. Rabe,J Rosado-Pinto,G. K. Scadding,F. E. R. Simons,Elina Toskala,E. Valovirta,P. Van Cauwenberge,De Yun Wang,Magnus Wickman,Barbara P. Yawn,Arzu Yorgancioglu,Osman M. Yusuf,H. J. Zar,Isabella Annesi-Maesano,E.D. Bateman,A. Ben Kheder,Daniel A. Boakye,J. Bouchard,Peter Burney,William W. Busse,Moira Chan-Yeung,Niels H. Chavannes,A.G. Chuchalin,William K. Dolen,R. Emuzyte,Lawrence Grouse,Marc Humbert,C. M. Jackson,Sebastian L. Johnston,Paul K. Keith,James P. Kemp,J. M. Klossek,Désirée Larenas-Linnemann,Brian J. Lipworth,Jean-Luc Malo,Gailen D. Marshall,Charles K. Naspitz,K. Nekam,Bodo Niggemann,Ewa Nizankowska-Mogilnicka,Yoshitaka Okamoto,M. P. Orru,Paul Potter,David Price,Stuart W. Stoloff,Olivier Vandenplas,Giovanni Viegi,Dennis M. Williams +95 more
TL;DR: The ARIA guidelines for the management of allergic rhinitis and asthma are similar in both the 1999 ARIA workshop report and the 2008 Update as discussed by the authors, but the GRADE approach is not yet available.
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Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines: 2010 Revision
Jan Brozek,Jean Bousquet,Carlos E. Baena-Cagnani,Sergio Bonini,G. Walter Canonica,Thomas B. Casale,Roy Gerth van Wijk,Ken Ohta,Torsten Zuberbier,Holger J. Schünemann +9 more
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A review of biomass burning: Emissions and impacts on air quality, health and climate in China
Jianmin Chen,Jianmin Chen,Chunlin Li,Zoran Ristovski,Andelija Milic,YuanTong Gu,Mohammad S. Islam,Shuxiao Wang,Jiming Hao,Hefeng Zhang,Congrong He,Hai Guo,Hongbo Fu,Branka Miljevic,Lidia Morawska,Phong K. Thai,Yun Fat Lam,Gavin Pereira,Aijun Ding,Xin Huang,Umesh Chandra Dumka +20 more
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