Journal ArticleDOI
Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA.
TLDR
These results identify ssRNA as a ligand for TLR7 and suggest that cells of the innate immune system sense endosomal ssRNA to detect infection by RNA viruses.Abstract:
Interferons (IFNs) are critical for protection from viral infection, but the pathways linking virus recognition to IFN induction remain poorly understood. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells produce vast amounts of IFN-alpha in response to the wild-type influenza virus. Here, we show that this requires endosomal recognition of influenza genomic RNA and signaling by means of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and MyD88. Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) molecules of nonviral origin also induce TLR7-dependent production of inflammatory cytokines. These results identify ssRNA as a ligand for TLR7 and suggest that cells of the innate immune system sense endosomal ssRNA to detect infection by RNA viruses.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity
TL;DR: New insights into innate immunity are changing the way the way the authors think about pathogenesis and the treatment of infectious diseases, allergy, and autoimmunity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toll-like receptor signalling
Shizuo Akira,Kiyoshi Takeda +1 more
TL;DR: Rapid progress that has recently improved the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that mediate TLR signalling is reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toll-like receptors.
TL;DR: This unit discusses mammalian Toll receptors (TLR1‐10) that have an essential role in the innate immune recognition of microorganisms and are discussed are TLR‐mediated signaling pathways and antibodies that are available to detect specific TLRs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses.
Akiko Iwasaki,Ruslan Medzhitov +1 more
TL;DR: Recognition of microbial infection and initiation of host defense responses is controlled by multiple mechanisms and recent studies have provided important clues about the mechanisms of TLR-mediated control of adaptive immunity orchestrated by dendritic cell populations in distinct anatomical locations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The RNA helicase RIG-I has an essential function in double-stranded RNA-induced innate antiviral responses.
Mitsutoshi Yoneyama,Mika Kikuchi,Takashi Natsukawa,Noriaki Shinobu,Tadaatsu Imaizumi,Makoto Miyagishi,Kazunari Taira,Shizuo Akira,Takashi Fujita +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I), which encodes a DExD/H box RNA helicase that contains a caspase recruitment domain, as an essential regulator for dsRNA-induced signaling.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Toll-like receptors.
TL;DR: This unit discusses mammalian Toll receptors (TLR1‐10) that have an essential role in the innate immune recognition of microorganisms and are discussed are TLR‐mediated signaling pathways and antibodies that are available to detect specific TLRs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mouse type I IFN-producing cells are immature APCs with plasmacytoid morphology.
Carine Asselin-Paturel,Andre Boonstra,Marc Dalod,Isabelle Durand,Nadia Yessaad,Colette Dezutter-Dambuyant,Alain Vicari,Anne O'Garra,Christine A. Biron,Francine Brière,Giorgio Trinchieri +10 more
TL;DR: It is shown that mouse interferon-α–producing cells (mIPCs) are a unique subset of immature antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that secrete IFN-α upon stimulation with viruses and interleukin 12 (IL-12) in response to viruses and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, but not bacterial products.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Induce Plasma Cell Differentiation through Type I Interferon and Interleukin 6
Gaetan Jego,A. Karolina Palucka,Jean-Philippe Blanck,Cecile Chalouni,Virginia Pascual,Jacques Banchereau +5 more
TL;DR: It is reported that depletion of pDCs from human blood mononuclear cells abrogates the secretion of specific and polyclonal IgGs in response to influenza virus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human TLR7 or TLR8 independently confer responsiveness to the antiviral compound R-848
Journal ArticleDOI
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells activated by influenza virus and CD40L drive a potent TH1 polarization.
TL;DR: It is shown that blood PDCs, when stimulated with influenza virus and CD40L in vitro, undergo a maturation process characterized by up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex proteins and adhesion and costimulatory molecules.