Journal ArticleDOI
Innate Immune Recognition
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TLDR
Microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors helps to direct adaptive immune responses to antigens derived from microbial pathogens to distinguish infectious nonself from noninfectious self.Abstract:
▪ Abstract The innate immune system is a universal and ancient form of host defense against infection. Innate immune recognition relies on a limited number of germline-encoded receptors. These receptors evolved to recognize conserved products of microbial metabolism produced by microbial pathogens, but not by the host. Recognition of these molecular structures allows the immune system to distinguish infectious nonself from noninfectious self. Toll-like receptors play a major role in pathogen recognition and initiation of inflammatory and immune responses. Stimulation of Toll-like receptors by microbial products leads to the activation of signaling pathways that result in the induction of antimicrobial genes and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, stimulation of Toll-like receptors triggers dendritic cell maturation and results in the induction of costimulatory molecules and increased antigen-presenting capacity. Thus, microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors helps to direct adaptive immune responses ...read more
Citations
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T‐cell tolerance or function is determined by combinatorial costimulatory signals
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TL;DR: T‐cell tolerance induction in this system requires the action by negative costimulatory molecules; T‐cell proliferation and function was partially restored by inhibiting PD‐1, B7‐H3 or B7S1, demonstrating that T‐ cell function or tolerance is controlled by costimulations.
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Contact lens-related microbial keratitis: how have epidemiology and genetics helped us with pathogenesis and prophylaxis
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The Envelope Protein of a Human Endogenous Retrovirus-W Family Activates Innate Immunity through CD14/TLR4 and Promotes Th1-Like Responses
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References
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Journal Article
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Journal ArticleDOI
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