Journal ArticleDOI
Innate Immune Recognition
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TLDR
Microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors helps to direct adaptive immune responses to antigens derived from microbial pathogens to distinguish infectious nonself from noninfectious self.Abstract:
▪ Abstract The innate immune system is a universal and ancient form of host defense against infection. Innate immune recognition relies on a limited number of germline-encoded receptors. These receptors evolved to recognize conserved products of microbial metabolism produced by microbial pathogens, but not by the host. Recognition of these molecular structures allows the immune system to distinguish infectious nonself from noninfectious self. Toll-like receptors play a major role in pathogen recognition and initiation of inflammatory and immune responses. Stimulation of Toll-like receptors by microbial products leads to the activation of signaling pathways that result in the induction of antimicrobial genes and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, stimulation of Toll-like receptors triggers dendritic cell maturation and results in the induction of costimulatory molecules and increased antigen-presenting capacity. Thus, microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors helps to direct adaptive immune responses ...read more
Citations
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Gold Nanoparticles as a Vaccine Platform: Influence of Size and Shape on Immunological Responses in Vitro and in Vivo
Kenichi Niikura,Tatsuya Matsunaga,Tadaki Suzuki,Shintaro Kobayashi,Hiroki Yamaguchi,Yasuko Orba,Akira Kawaguchi,Hideki Hasegawa,Kiichi Kajino,Takafumi Ninomiya,Kuniharu Ijiro,Hirofumi Sawa +11 more
TL;DR: AuNPs are effective vaccine adjuvants and enhance the immune response via different cytokine pathways depending on their sizes and shapes, and the mechanisms of the shape-dependent WNVE antibody production are examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of heme as activator of Toll-like receptor 4.
Rodrigo T. Figueiredo,Patricia L. Fernández,Diego Mourão-Sá,Bárbara N. Porto,Fabianno F. Dutra,Letícia S. Alves,Marcus F. Oliveira,Pedro L. Oliveira,Aurélio V. Graça-Souza,Marcelo T. Bozza +9 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that heme, but not its analogs/precursors, induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion by macrophages dependently on MyD88, TLR4, and CD14, and these findings support the concept that the broad ligand specificity ofTLR4 and the different activation profiles might in part reside in its ability to recognize different ligands in different binding sites.
Journal ArticleDOI
Innate and adaptive immunity in female genital tract: cellular responses and interactions.
TL;DR: The innate immune system in the FRT is defined and the regulatory influences that occur during the menstrual cycle that contribute to protection from and susceptibility to potential pathogens are defined.
Journal ArticleDOI
The humoral pattern recognition receptor PTX3 is stored in neutrophil granules and localizes in extracellular traps
Sébastien Jaillon,Giuseppe Peri,Yves Delneste,Isabelle Frémaux,Andrea Doni,Federica Moalli,Cecilia Garlanda,Luigina Romani,Hugues Gascan,Silvia Bellocchio,Silvia Bozza,Marco A. Cassatella,Pascale Jeannin,Alberto Mantovani +13 more
TL;DR: The long pentraxin (PTX) 3 is produced by macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells in response to Toll-like receptor agonists and represents a nonredundant component of humoral innate immunity against selected pathogens.
Journal ArticleDOI
R406, an Orally Available Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Blocks Fc Receptor Signaling and Reduces Immune Complex-Mediated Inflammation
Sylvia Braselmann,Vanessa Taylor,Haoran Zhao,Su Wang,Catherine Sylvain,Muhammad Baluom,Kunbin Qu,Ellen Herlaar,Angela Lau,Chi Young,Brian R Wong,Scott Lovell,Thomas Sun,Gary Park,Ankush Argade,Stipo Jurcevic,Polly Pine,Rajinder Singh,Elliott B. Grossbard,Donald G. Payan,Esteban Masuda +20 more
TL;DR: A first-inhuman study is reported showing that R406 is orally bioavailable, achieving exposures capable of inhibiting Syk-dependent IgE-mediated basophil activation and showing R406 potential for modulating Syk activity in human disease.
References
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Journal Article
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Hiroaki Hemmi,Osamu Takeuchi,Taro Kawai,Tsuneyasu Kaisho,Shintaro Sato,Hideki Sanjo,Makoto Matsumoto,Katsuaki Hoshino,Hermann Wagner,Kiyoshi Takeda,Shizuo Akira +10 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
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