Journal ArticleDOI
Innate Immune Recognition
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TLDR
Microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors helps to direct adaptive immune responses to antigens derived from microbial pathogens to distinguish infectious nonself from noninfectious self.Abstract:
▪ Abstract The innate immune system is a universal and ancient form of host defense against infection. Innate immune recognition relies on a limited number of germline-encoded receptors. These receptors evolved to recognize conserved products of microbial metabolism produced by microbial pathogens, but not by the host. Recognition of these molecular structures allows the immune system to distinguish infectious nonself from noninfectious self. Toll-like receptors play a major role in pathogen recognition and initiation of inflammatory and immune responses. Stimulation of Toll-like receptors by microbial products leads to the activation of signaling pathways that result in the induction of antimicrobial genes and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, stimulation of Toll-like receptors triggers dendritic cell maturation and results in the induction of costimulatory molecules and increased antigen-presenting capacity. Thus, microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors helps to direct adaptive immune responses ...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Topoisomerase 1 inhibition suppresses inflammatory genes and protects from death by inflammation.
Alex Rialdi,Laura Campisi,Nan Zhao,Arvin Cesar Lagda,Colette Pietzsch,Jessica Sook Yuin Ho,Luis Martínez-Gil,Luis Martínez-Gil,Romain Fenouil,Xiaoting Chen,Megan R. Edwards,Giorgi Metreveli,Stefan Jordan,Zuleyma Peralta,César Muñoz-Fontela,Nicole M. Bouvier,Miriam Merad,Jian Jin,Matthew T. Weirauch,Sven Heinz,Sven Heinz,Christopher Benner,Harm van Bakel,Christopher F. Basler,Adolfo García-Sastre,Alexander Bukreyev,Ivan Marazzi +26 more
TL;DR: Chemical inhibition of topoisomerase 1 (Top1), an enzyme that unwinds DNA, suppresses the expression of infection-induced genes with little to no effect on housekeeping gene expression and without cellular damage, is found.
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Subversion of Host Recognition and Defense Systems by Francisella spp.
Crystal L. Jones,Brooke A. Napier,Timothy R. Sampson,Anna C. Llewellyn,Max R. Schroeder,David S. Weiss +5 more
TL;DR: The specific mechanisms by which Francisella achieves these goals to subvert host defenses and promote pathogenesis are reviewed, highlighting as-yet-unanswered questions and important areas for future study.
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Inhibitors of TLR-9 act on multiple cell subsets in mouse and man in vitro and prevent death in vivo from systemic inflammation.
Omar Duramad,Karen L. Fearon,Bonnie Chang,Jean H. Chan,Josh Gregorio,Robert L. Coffman,Franck J. Barrat +6 more
TL;DR: These inhibitory sequences, termed IRS, inhibit TLR-9-mediated activation in human as well as mouse cells and can inhibit a complex pathological response to ISS, as shown by protection from death after massive systemic inflammation induced by a CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides.
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Fungal zymosan and mannan activate the cryopyrin inflammasome
TL;DR: It is shown that stimulation of macrophages and dendritic cells with heat-killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae or the purified cell wall components zymosan and mannan induced caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion when combined with ATP and suggested an important role for the Cryopyrin inflammasome during fungal infections.
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Ringing the interferon alarm: differential regulation of gene expression at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity.
TL;DR: Additional members of the IRF family may provide additional levels of control, in both a cell-type and virus-specific manner, particularly in dendritic cells that serve as major producers of IFN and a key interface between innate and adaptive immunity.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal Article
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
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