Journal ArticleDOI
Intercomparison, interpretation, and assessment of spring phenology in North America estimated from remote sensing for 1982-2006
Michael A. White,Kirsten M. de Beurs,Kamel Didan,David W. Inouye,Andrew D. Richardson,Olaf P. Jensen,John O'Keefe,G. Zhang,Ramakrishna R. Nemani,Willem J. D. van Leeuwen,Jesslyn F. Brown,Allard de Wit,Michael E. Schaepman,Xioamao Lin,Michael D. Dettinger,Amey S. Bailey,John S. Kimball,Mark D. Schwartz,Dennis D. Baldocchi,J. T. Lee,William K. Lauenroth +20 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors assess 10 start-of-spring (SOS) methods for North America between 1982 and 2006 and find that SOS estimates were more related to the first leaf and first flowers expanding phenological stages.Abstract:
Shifts in the timing of spring phenology are a central feature of global change research. Long-term observations of plant phenology have been used to track vegetation responses to climate variability but are often limited to particular species and locations and may not represent synoptic patterns. Satellite remote sensing is instead used for continental to global monitoring. Although numerous methods exist to extract phenological timing, in particular start-of-spring (SOS), from time series of reflectance data, a comprehensive intercomparison and interpretation of SOS methods has not been conducted. Here, we assess 10 SOS methods for North America between 1982 and 2006. The techniques include consistent inputs from the 8 km Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer NDVIg dataset, independent data for snow cover, soil thaw, lake ice dynamics, spring streamflow timing, over 16 000 individual measurements of ground-based phenology, and two temperature-driven models of spring phenology. Compared with an ensemble of the 10 SOS methods, we found that individual methods differed in average day-of-year estimates by � 60 days and in standard deviation by � 20 days. The ability of the satellite methods to retrieve SOS estimates was highest in northern latitudes and lowest in arid, tropical, and Mediterranean ecoregions. The ordinal rank of SOS methods varied geographically, as did the relationships between SOS estimates and the cryospheric/hydrologic metrics. Compared with ground observations, SOS estimates were more related to the first leaf and first flowers expanding phenological stages. We found no evidence for time trends in spring arrival from ground- or model-based data; using an ensemble estimate from two methods that were more closely related to ground observations than other methods, SOSread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Start of vegetation growing season on the Tibetan Plateau inferred from multiple methods based on GIMMS and SPOT NDVI data
Mingjun Ding,Lanhui Li,Yili Zhang,Xiaomin Sun,Linshan Liu,Jungang Gao,Zhaofeng Wang,Yingnian Li +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used four methods to investigate the start of the growing season (SGS) on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) from 1982 to 2012, using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data obtained from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMSS, 1982-2006) and SPOT VEGETATION (SPOT-VGT, 1999-2012).
Journal ArticleDOI
Phenological Characterization of Desert Sky Island Vegetation Communities with Remotely Sensed and Climate Time Series Data
TL;DR: Examining how well satellite greenness time series data and derived phenological metrics can characterize specific vegetation communities across an elevation gradient found that representative vegetation types, varying between desert scrub, mesquite, grassland, mixed oak, juniper and pine, often had unique seasonal and interannual phenological trajectories and spatial patterns.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phenological Classification of the United States: A Geographic Framework for Extending Multi-Sensor Time-Series Data
TL;DR: A new geographic framework, phenological classification, for the conterminous United States based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time-series data and a digital elevation model is introduced.
Journal ArticleDOI
Determining past leaf-out times of New England’s deciduous forests from herbarium specimens
TL;DR: It is found that leaf-out dates are strongly affected by spring temperature, with trees leafing out 2.70 d earlier for each degree C increase in mean April temperature, which is of comparable magnitude to results from studies using remote sensing and direct field observations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterizing spring phenology of temperate broadleaf forests using Landsat and Sentinel-2 time series
TL;DR: Estimating SOS of temperate broadleaf forests at medium spatial resolution has become feasible with combined Landsat and Sentinel-2 time series and EVI-based SOS showed higher correlation with ground observations compared to NDVI, and data density played an important role in estimating land surface phenology.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change
TL;DR: Range-restricted species, particularly polar and mountaintop species, show severe range contractions and have been the first groups in which entire species have gone extinct due to recent climate change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Warming and Earlier Spring Increase Western U.S. Forest Wildfire Activity
Anthony L. Westerling,Anthony L. Westerling,Hugo G. Hidalgo,Daniel R. Cayan,Daniel R. Cayan,Thomas W. Swetnam +5 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present evidence from satellite data that the photosynthetic activity of terrestrial vegetation increased from 1981 to 1991 in a manner that is suggestive of an increase in plant growth associated with a lengthening of the active growing season.
Journal ArticleDOI
FLUXNET: A New Tool to Study the Temporal and Spatial Variability of Ecosystem-Scale Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, and Energy Flux Densities
Dennis D. Baldocchi,Eva Falge,Lianhong Gu,Richard J. Olson,David Y. Hollinger,Steven W. Running,P. M. Anthoni,Ch. Bernhofer,Kenneth J. Davis,Robert G. Evans,Jose D. Fuentes,Allen H. Goldstein,Gabriel G. Katul,Beverly E. Law,Xuhui Lee,Yadvinder Malhi,Tilden P. Meyers,William Munger,Walter C. Oechel,Kim Pilegaard,Hans Peter Schmid,Riccardo Valentini,Shashi B. Verma,Timo Vesala,Kell B. Wilson,S. C. Wofsy +25 more
TL;DR: The FLUXNET project as mentioned in this paper is a global network of micrometeorological flux measurement sites that measure the exchanges of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy between the biosphere and atmosphere.
Journal ArticleDOI
North american regional reanalysis
Fedor Mesinger,Geoff DiMego,Eugenia Kalnay,Kenneth E. Mitchell,Perry Shafran,Wesley Ebisuzaki,Dusan Jovic,John S. Woollen,Eric Rogers,Ernesto Hugo Berbery,Michael Ek,Yun Fan,Robert Grumbine,Wayne Higgins,Hong Li,Ying Lin,Geoff Manikin,David F. Parrish,Wei Shi +18 more
TL;DR: The North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) project as mentioned in this paper uses the NCEP Eta model and its Data Assimilation System (at 32-km-45-layer resolution with 3-hourly output) to capture regional hydrological cycle, the diurnal cycle and other important features of weather and climate variability.
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