Acknowledgements. General Introduction. Financial assets. Risks. Uncertainty and precaution. Problems: new methods and new instruments. Presentation of the book. PART I: INDIVIDUAL vs COLLECTIVE CHOICE. Introduction to Part I. 1. Risks in a Public Project: The Millau Viaduct. 2. Individual Valuations and Economic Rationality. 2.1 Preferences on consequences and utilities of decisions. 2.2 Decisions, acts and contingent assets. 2.3 Criterion and individual valuation: averaging. 2.4 A simple decision theoretic model. 2.5 A general criterion of individual valuation. 2.6 The two main criteria for decision-making in front of a known probability distribution: paradoxes and limitations. 3. Aggregation of Individual Choices. 3.1 Public choices. 3.2 Market aggregation of individual preferences. 4. Individual and Collective Risk Management Instruments. 4.1 Decision trees. 4.2 Optimisation under constraints: mathematical programming. 4.3 Risk and cost-benefit analysis. Concluding comments on Part I. PART II: RISK vs UNCERTAINTY. Introduction to Part II. 5. Insurable and Uninsurable Risks. 5.1 Insurance of risks with a known probability distribution. 5.2 Insurance of risks with uncertainties. 5.3 Non-insurable risks. 6. Risk Economics. 6.1 Laws of large numbers and the principles of insurance. 6.2 Risk aversion and applications to the demand for insurance 1. 6.3 Background risk. 6.4 Risk measures: variance and Value at Risk. 6.5 Stochastic dominance. 6.6 Aversion to risk increases. 6.7 Asymmetric information: moral hazard and adverse selection. 7. Marketed Risks. 7.1 A general theory of risk measurement. 7.2 Applications to risk valuation. 8. Management Instruments for Risk and for Uncertainty. 8.1 Choosing optimal insurance. 8.2 Insurance claims securitisation. 8.3 Valuing controversial risks. Concluding comments on Part II. PART III: STATIC vs DYNAMIC. Introduction to Part III. 9. Risk Businesses. 9.1 Lotteries and the gambling business. 9.2 Risks and investments. 9.3 Credit risk. 10. Valuation without Flexibilities. 10.1 The net present value. 10.2 Discounting. 10.3 Static models of financial market equilibrium pricing. 10.4 The value at risk. 11. Valuation with Options. 11.1 General theory of a dynamic measure of risks. 11.2 Applications to risk valuation. 12. Static and Dynamic Risk Instruments. 12.1 Static risk management instruments. 12.2 Managing flexibilities. Concluding comments on Part III. General Conclusion. 1. How to deal with controversies. 2. Look for market valuation. 3. Measuring time. References. Index.

Les jeux et les hommes

Economics and Finance of Risk and of the Future

Cette these, realisee dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche pluridisciplinaire finance par le Ministere de l’Economie, de l’Industrie et de l’Emploi, etudie le fonctionnement de systemes didactiques scolaires et universitaires dans un contexte d’apprentissage mediatise par un serious game dedie au genie mecanique appele Mecagenius®. Les travaux ont pour parti contribue a produire des outils de conception de ce serious game et a etudier les usages didactiques de professeurs et d’eleves dans des classes de lycee, d’IUT et d’universite. Le processus de conception et d’evaluation s'est appuye sur trois etudes emboitees relevant de programmes epistemologique, didactique et cognitif. Les resultats ont permis de rendre compte de l’usage didactique de Mecagenius® dans des classes ordinaires a travers la maniere dont les professeurs l’utilisent et d'identifier les strategies d’etudes individualisees mises en œuvre par des eleves contrastes selon leur position d'excellence dans la classe. La recherche met en evidence des usages contrastes d'integration de l'artefact a la pratique des enseignants allant de modalites transmissives a des formes de genese instrumentale specifiques leur permettant, au fil des interactions avec les eleves, d'utiliser le serious game en plus ou moins grande adequation avec les choix didactiques ayant preside a sa conception. Du cote des eleves, les resultats pointent des strategies differentielles pouvant contribuer pour les meilleurs au developpement de competences specifiques de genie mecanique ; les plus faibles n'etant pas en mesure de depasser les obstacles a l’apprentissage rencontres dans le jeu. La conclusion envisage des pistes pour la formation des enseignants relative a l’usage des serious games en classe.

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https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877257/document

De la conception à l’usage d’un jeu sérieux de génie mécanique : phénomènes de transposition didactique dans l’enseignement secondaire et universitaire : le cas de Mecagenius®

The role assumed by games and sports in their respective societies, can be enlightened by the analysis of their profound structure, whose invariant aspect contrast strongly with the incredible variety of the practices they give rise to. As Oulipo has shown for writings, games and sports are shaped by their system of constraints. These constraints determine structures named “universals” which are models based on an internal logic whose significant features characterize the motor action generated during the game. A detailed presentation of the basic structure of several universals is given (networks of motor communication, structure of the score interactions, scoring system…). The analysis’ interest and difficulty comes from showing the links between the universals’ properties and the striking orientations of the cultures the different games belong to. By using specific examples such as the Olympic Games, some relations between internal logic traits and cultural characteristics are presented: increasing the value of competition, the equality of opportunity, cooperation… The aim is to see if and how some dominant social representations are underlain by motor interaction situations whose simple mathematic properties can therefore prove decisive. The role assumed by games and sports in their respective societies, can be enlightened by the analysis of their profound structure, whose invariant aspect contrast strongly with the incredible variety of the practices they give rise to. As Oulipo has shown for writings, games and sports are shaped by their system of constraints. These constraints determine structures named “universals” which are models based on an internal logic whose significant features characterize the motor action generated during the game. A detailed presentation of the basic structure of several universals is given (networks of motor communication, structure of the score interactions, scoring system…). The analysis’ interest and difficulty comes from showing the links between the universals’ properties and the striking orientations of the cultures the different games belong to. By using specific examples such as the Olympic Games, some relations between internal logic traits and cultural characteristics are presented: increasing the value of competition, the equality of opportunity, cooperation… The aim is to see if and how some dominant social representations are underlain by motor interaction situations whose simple mathematic properties can therefore prove decisive.

/pdf/modelisation-dans-les-jeux-et-les-sports-mqqq8f9pzi.pdf

Modélisation dans les jeux et les sports

L’histoire de l’institutionnalisation du rugby en France a entraine ce sport vers l’etablissement d’un ensemble de regles permettant de definir, et donc de rendre possible, la pratique. Ces regles portent essentiellement sur le jeu, l’etablissement d’un classement mais aussi les statuts des clubs, ainsi que leurs interactions. L’institutionnalisation du rugby s’est effectuee au gre d’importantes mutations que sont, la creation de federations mais aussi, et depuis 1995, le passage au professionnalisme. Apres un siecle a s’etre fermement opposee a l’idee que le rugby puisse basculer dans l’ere d’une pratique associee a la profession, les institutions en place ont finalement cede face a la pression grandissante des acteurs (medias, sponsors et joueurs) en demande de « professionnalisation ». L’enjeu d’une telle mutation est que le rugby puisse enfin etre considere comme activite economique a part entiere. La professionnalisation a entraine les acteurs a ne plus considerer l’activite sportif « rugby » de la meme maniere. Autrefois profondement ancre dans l’amateurisme, le rugby est aujourd’hui devenu un support essentiel a la « production spectacle » remuneratrice. Les structures sportives se sont adaptees au professionnalisme en adaptant leurs statuts mais aussi et surtout en definissant leur nouveau « business model ». Dans le cadre de l’analyse de la strategie des clubs, la maximisation de la performance sportive, impactant l’institution du classement auquel se rattache le club, est un element cle. Les clubs, dans un souci d’optimisation de leur business model, ont progressivement integre l’utilisation des outils technologiques et l’exploitation des donnees qui en decoulent. Ce travail tente d’analyser les facteurs d’adoption et d’appropriation des technologies dans le cadre de la performance des clubs, au sein du championnat elite en France : le Top14.

Appropriation des technologies et gestion de la performance sportive : sujet d'étude : le rugby professionnel en France

The object of this essay is to move from the apparent untranslatability of English nonsense texts to their total translatability. The essay starts with the impossibility of translating nonsense, due to its sheer lack of meaning, and the interdiction of such translation due to the fact that the genre has acquired the status of a national myth in England (you have to be English to understand nonsense). It envisages the possibility of not translating a text that is always already translated, being made up of meaningless pseudo-words, and of transposing the nonsensical effect in another culture. It then looks at the numerous translations of English nonsense into French or Italian, and concludes on the total translatability of this apparently untranslatable type of text. The contradiction between the point of departure and the conclusion is explained with reference to a theory of nonsense as a genre that embodies the contradiction between verbal chaos and verbal constraints, between the need for meaning and th...

Les jeux et les hommes

Citations

Economics and Finance of Risk and of the Future

De la conception à l’usage d’un jeu sérieux de génie mécanique : phénomènes de transposition didactique dans l’enseignement secondaire et universitaire : le cas de Mecagenius®

Modélisation dans les jeux et les sports

Appropriation des technologies et gestion de la performance sportive : sujet d'étude : le rugby professionnel en France

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