Journal ArticleDOI
Local Ca2+ detection and modulation of synaptic release by astrocytes
Maria Amalia Di Castro,Julien Chuquet,Nicolas Liaudet,Khaleel Bhaukaurally,Mirko Santello,David Bouvier,Pascale Tiret,Andrea Volterra +7 more
TLDR
Evidence is provided that astrocytes are integrated in local synaptic functioning in adult brain through GTP- and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate–dependent signaling and is relevant for basal synaptic function.Abstract:
Astrocytes communicate with synapses by means of intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) elevations, but local calcium dynamics in astrocytic processes have never been thoroughly investigated. By taking advantage of high-resolution two-photon microscopy, we identify the characteristics of local astrocyte calcium activity in the adult mouse hippocampus. Astrocytic processes showed intense activity, triggered by physiological transmission at neighboring synapses. They encoded synchronous synaptic events generated by sparse action potentials into robust regional (∼12 μm) [Ca(2+)](i) elevations. Unexpectedly, they also sensed spontaneous synaptic events, producing highly confined (∼4 μm), fast (millisecond-scale) miniature Ca(2+) responses. This Ca(2+) activity in astrocytic processes is generated through GTP- and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent signaling and is relevant for basal synaptic function. Thus, buffering astrocyte [Ca(2+)](i) or blocking a receptor mediating local astrocyte Ca(2+) signals decreased synaptic transmission reliability in minimal stimulation experiments. These data provide direct evidence that astrocytes are integrated in local synaptic functioning in adult brain.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Astrocyte heterogeneity and interactions with local neural circuits
TL;DR: Recently, a surprising degree of heterogeneity in the development and function of astrocytes has been uncovered, suggesting that they may be matched to neurons to support local circuits as discussed by the authors .
Dissertation
Progenitor Populations Within the Vertebrate Enteric Nervous System
TL;DR: This paper aims to provide a history and context for the decision-making process that led to the publication of the Impact Statement and acknowledgement of the work.
Journal ArticleDOI
A multilayer network model of neuron-astrocyte populations in vitro reveals mGluR5 inhibition is protective following traumatic injury
TL;DR: In this article , a multilayer network model of neuron-astrocyte connectivity was constructed to characterize the multiscale connectivity of two distinct but functionally dependent cell populations.
Book ChapterDOI
Animal Studies on the Mechanisms of Low-Intensity Transcranial Electric Stimulation
TL;DR: A review of the effects of low-intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) on neurons and brain activity can be found in this article, where the authors reviewed the mechanisms that underlie the effects observed in humans and further reviewed animal studies that are relevant to specific clinical pathologies.
Dissertation
Nanoscale imaging of synapse morphology in the mouse neocortex in vivo by two-photon STED microscopy
TL;DR: This work implemented super-resolution 2P-STED time-lapse imaging, which allows for high spatial resolution and deep tissue penetration, in anesthetized mice, and shows that the nano-morphology of spines is diverse, variable, but on average stable, and that differences in spine morphology can have an effect on spine biochemical compartmentalization in vivo.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Tripartite synapses: astrocytes process and control synaptic information
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Journal ArticleDOI
Long-term potentiation depends on release of d -serine from astrocytes
Christian Henneberger,Thomas Papouin,Thomas Papouin,Stéphane H. R. Oliet,Stéphane H. R. Oliet,Dmitri A. Rusakov +5 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Ca2+-dependent release of d-serine from an astrocyte controls NMDAR-dependent plasticity in many thousands of excitatory synapses nearby.
Journal ArticleDOI
Definition of the Readily Releasable Pool of Vesicles at Hippocampal Synapses
TL;DR: It is found that hypertonic solutions do not act through changes in intracellular calcium, which means that the synaptic release probability depends on the size of the readily releasable pool.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuronal Synchrony Mediated by Astrocytic Glutamate through Activation of Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors
TL;DR: The results reveal a distinct mechanism for neuronal excitation and synchrony and highlight a functional link between astrocytic glutamate and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors.