Journal ArticleDOI
Local Ca2+ detection and modulation of synaptic release by astrocytes
Maria Amalia Di Castro,Julien Chuquet,Nicolas Liaudet,Khaleel Bhaukaurally,Mirko Santello,David Bouvier,Pascale Tiret,Andrea Volterra +7 more
TLDR
Evidence is provided that astrocytes are integrated in local synaptic functioning in adult brain through GTP- and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate–dependent signaling and is relevant for basal synaptic function.Abstract:
Astrocytes communicate with synapses by means of intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) elevations, but local calcium dynamics in astrocytic processes have never been thoroughly investigated. By taking advantage of high-resolution two-photon microscopy, we identify the characteristics of local astrocyte calcium activity in the adult mouse hippocampus. Astrocytic processes showed intense activity, triggered by physiological transmission at neighboring synapses. They encoded synchronous synaptic events generated by sparse action potentials into robust regional (∼12 μm) [Ca(2+)](i) elevations. Unexpectedly, they also sensed spontaneous synaptic events, producing highly confined (∼4 μm), fast (millisecond-scale) miniature Ca(2+) responses. This Ca(2+) activity in astrocytic processes is generated through GTP- and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent signaling and is relevant for basal synaptic function. Thus, buffering astrocyte [Ca(2+)](i) or blocking a receptor mediating local astrocyte Ca(2+) signals decreased synaptic transmission reliability in minimal stimulation experiments. These data provide direct evidence that astrocytes are integrated in local synaptic functioning in adult brain.read more
Citations
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Novel insights into gliotransmitters.
Francesco Petrelli,Paola Bezzi +1 more
TL;DR: This review critically evaluates the currently available findings concerning gliotransmitters with the aim of stimulating discussion in the field.
Journal ArticleDOI
No Longer Underappreciated: The Emerging Concept of Astrocyte Heterogeneity in Neuroscience.
Francisco Pestana,Gabriela Edwards-Faret,Gabriela Edwards-Faret,T. Grant Belgard,Araks Martirosyan,Matthew Holt,Matthew Holt +6 more
TL;DR: A better understanding of astrocyte heterogeneity is urgently needed to understand normal brain function, as well as the role ofAstrocytes in response to injury and disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Astrocytic TRPV1 ion channels detect blood-borne signals in the sensory circumventricular organs of adult mouse brains.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that blood‐borne molecules are sensed directly by astrocytic TRPV1 of the CVOs in adult mammalians.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lateral regulation of synaptic transmission by astrocytes.
Ana Covelo,Alfonso Araque +1 more
TL;DR: Through lateral synaptic regulation, astrocytes serve as an active processing bridge for synaptic interaction and crosstalk between synapses with no direct neuronal connectivity, supporting the idea that neural network function results from the coordinated activity of astroCytes and neurons.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Strategic Location of Glycogen and Lactate: From Body Energy Reserve to Brain Plasticity
TL;DR: Experimental evidence indicates that the role of lactate in cognitive function relates not only to its role as a metabolic substrate for neurons but also as a signaling molecule for synaptic plasticity.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Tripartite synapses: astrocytes process and control synaptic information
TL;DR: There is an emerging view, which is reviewed herein, in which brain function actually arises from the coordinated activity of a network comprising both neurons and glia, rather than the classically accepted paradigm that brain function results exclusively from neuronal activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Control of synapse number by glia.
TL;DR: It is shown that few synapses form in the absence of glial cells and that the fewsynapses that do form are functionally immature, and that CNS synapse number can be profoundly regulated by nonneuronal signals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long-term potentiation depends on release of d -serine from astrocytes
Christian Henneberger,Thomas Papouin,Thomas Papouin,Stéphane H. R. Oliet,Stéphane H. R. Oliet,Dmitri A. Rusakov +5 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Ca2+-dependent release of d-serine from an astrocyte controls NMDAR-dependent plasticity in many thousands of excitatory synapses nearby.
Journal ArticleDOI
Definition of the Readily Releasable Pool of Vesicles at Hippocampal Synapses
TL;DR: It is found that hypertonic solutions do not act through changes in intracellular calcium, which means that the synaptic release probability depends on the size of the readily releasable pool.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuronal Synchrony Mediated by Astrocytic Glutamate through Activation of Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors
TL;DR: The results reveal a distinct mechanism for neuronal excitation and synchrony and highlight a functional link between astrocytic glutamate and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors.