Mammalian Base Excision Repair: the Forgotten Archangel
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
This review is to critically examine controversial and newly emerging questions about mammalian BER pathways, mechanisms regulating BER capacity, BER responses to DNA damage and their links to checkpoint control of DNA replication.Abstract:
Base excision repair (BER) is a frontline repair system that is responsible for maintaining genome integrity and thus preventing premature aging, cancer and many other human diseases by repairing thousands of DNA lesions and strand breaks continuously caused by endogenous and exogenous mutagens. This fundamental and essential function of BER not only necessitates tight control of the continuous availability of basic components for fast and accurate repair, but also requires temporal and spatial coordination of BER and cell cycle progression to prevent replication of damaged DNA. The major goal of this review is to critically examine controversial and newly emerging questions about mammalian BER pathways, mechanisms regulating BER capacity, BER responses to DNA damage and their links to checkpoint control of DNA replication.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Development and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 for genome engineering.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the development and applications of Cas9 for a variety of research or translational applications while highlighting challenges as well as future directions, and highlight challenges and future directions.
Development and Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 for Genome Engineering
TL;DR: The development and applications of Cas9 are described for a variety of research or translational applications while highlighting challenges as well as future directions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Double nicking by RNA-guided CRISPR Cas9 for enhanced genome editing specificity
F. Ann Ran,Patrick D. Hsu,Chie Yu Lin,Jonathan S. Gootenberg,Silvana Konermann,Alexandro E. Trevino,David A. Scott,Azusa Inoue,Shogo Matoba,Yi Zhang,Feng Zhang +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an approach that combines a Cas9 nickase mutant with paired guide RNAs to introduce targeted double-strand breaks is described. But the approach is limited to mouse zygotes.
Double Nicking by RNA-Guided CRISPR Cas9 for Enhanced Genome Editing Specificity
F. Ann Ran,Patrick D. Hsu,Chie Yu Lin,Jonathan S. Gootenberg,Silvana Konermann,Alexandro E. Trevino,David A. Scott,Azusa Inoue,Shogo Matoba,Yi Zhang,Feng Zhang +10 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that using paired nicking can reduce off-target activity by 50- to 1,500-fold in cell lines and to facilitate gene knockout in mouse zygotes without sacrificing on-target cleavage efficiency.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of DNA damage, repair, and mutagenesis.
TL;DR: This introductory review will delineate mechanisms of DNA damage and the counteracting repair/tolerance pathways to provide insights into the molecular basis of genotoxicity in cells that lays the foundation for subsequent articles in this issue.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Instability and decay of the primary structure of DNA
TL;DR: The spontaneous decay of DNA is likely to be a major factor in mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and ageing, and also sets limits for the recovery of DNA fragments from fossils.
Journal ArticleDOI
DNA damage response as a candidate anti-cancer barrier in early human tumorigenesis
Jirina Bartkova,Zuzana Horejsi,Karen Koed,Alwin Krämer,Frederic Tort,Karsten Zieger,Per Guldberg,Maxwell Sehested,Jahn M. Nesland,Claudia Lukas,Torben F. Ørntoft,Jiri Lukas,Jiri Bartek +12 more
TL;DR: It is shown that in clinical specimens from different stages of human tumours of the urinary bladder, breast, lung and colon, the early precursor lesions commonly express markers of an activated DNA damage response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Repair of Oxidative Damage to DNA: Enzymology and Biology
Bruce Demple,Lynn Harrison +1 more
TL;DR: Using AP Endonucleases as Metalloproteins as TrimMing for Reduction of DEOXYRIBOSE DAMages is suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI
DNA damage and repair
TL;DR: The aesthetic appeal of the DNA double helix initially hindered notions of DNA mutation and repair, which would necessarily interfere with its pristine state, but it has since been recognized that DNA is subject to continuous damage and the cell has an arsenal of ways of responding to such injury.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of poly(ADP-ribose) formation in DNA repair
Masahiko S. Satoh,Tomas Lindahl +1 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that unmodified polymerase molecules bind tightly to DNA strand breaks; auto-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of the protein then effects its release and allows access to lesions for DNA repair enzymes.
Related Papers (5)
DNA targeting specificity of RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases
Patrick D. Hsu,David A. Scott,David A. Scott,Joshua A. Weinstein,Joshua A. Weinstein,F. Ann Ran,F. Ann Ran,F. Ann Ran,Silvana Konermann,Silvana Konermann,Vineeta Agarwala,Vineeta Agarwala,Vineeta Agarwala,Yinqing Li,Yinqing Li,Eli J. Fine,Xuebing Wu,Ophir Shalem,Ophir Shalem,Thomas J. Cradick,Luciano A. Marraffini,Gang Bao,Feng Zhang,Feng Zhang +23 more