Maternal nutrient restriction in early pregnancy programs hepatic mRNA expression of growth-related genes and liver size in adult male sheep.
Melanie A. Hyatt,G. S. Gopalakrishnan,J. Bispham,Sheridan Gentili,Isabella Caroline McMillen,Stewart M. Rhind,M. T. Rae,Carol Kyle,A. N. Brooks,C Jones,Helen Budge,David Walker,Terence Stephenson,Michael E. Symonds +13 more
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Maternal nutrient restriction in early gestation results in adult offspring with smaller livers, which may be mediated by alterations in both hepatic mitogenic and apoptotic factors.Abstract:
The liver is a major metabolic and endocrine organ of critical importance in the regulation of growth and metabolism. Its function is determined by a complex interaction of nutritionally regulated counter-regulatory hormones. The extent to which hepatic endocrine sensitivity can be programed in utero and whether the resultant adaptations persist into adulthood is unknown and was therefore the subject of this study. Young adult male sheep born to mothers that were fed either a control diet (i.e.100% of total live weight-maintenance requirements) throughout gestation or 50% of that intake (i.e. nutrient restricted (NR)) from 0 to 95 days gestation and thereafter 100% of requirements (taking into account increasing fetal mass) were entered into the study. All mothers gave birth normally at term, the singleton offspring were weaned at 16 weeks, and then reared at pasture until 3 years of age when their livers were sampled. NR offspring were of similar birth and body weights at 3 years of age when they had disproportionately smaller livers than controls. The abundance of mRNA for GH, prolactin, and IGF-II receptors, plus hepatocyte growth factor and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 were all lower in livers of NR offspring. In contrast, the abundance of the mitochondrial protein voltage-dependent anion channel and the pro-apoptotic factor Bax were up regulated relative to controls. In conclusion, maternal nutrient restriction in early gestation results in adult offspring with smaller livers. This may be mediated by alterations in both hepatic mitogenic and apoptotic factors.read more
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Effect of periconceptional nutrition on the growth, behaviour and survival of the neonatal lamb.
David O. Kleemann,Jennifer M. Kelly,Skye R. Rudiger,Isabella Caroline McMillen,Isabella Caroline McMillen,Janna L. Morrison,Song Zhang,Severence M. MacLaughlin,DH Smith,RJ Grimson,K. S. Jaensch,F. D. Brien,Kate J. Plush,Stefan Hiendleder,Simon K. Walker +14 more
TL;DR: Evidence of significant changes in lamb growth and development dependent on PCN is provided and, for the first time, the impact of these effects on lamb survival and potential reproductive capacity of female offspring is linked.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of Early Onset Obesity and Hypertension on the Unfolded Protein Response in Renal Tissues of Juvenile Sheep
Don Sharkey,Hernan P. Fainberg,V Wilson,Emma Harvey,David S. Gardner,Michael E. Symonds,Helen Budge +6 more
TL;DR: The UPR may prove to be a useful therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of obesity-related nephropathy and associated hypertension, thereby reducing the burden of end-stage renal disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cerebrum, liver, and muscle regulatory networks uncover maternal nutrition effects in developmental programming of beef cattle during early pregnancy.
Wellison Jarles da Silva Diniz,Matthew S Crouse,Robert A. Cushman,Kyle J McLean,Joel S. Caton,Carl R Dahlen,Lawrence P. Reynolds,Alison K Ward +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the regulatory relationships between genes in fetal cerebrum, liver, and muscle tissues were investigated to shed light on the putative mechanisms that underlie the effects of early maternal nutrient restriction on bovine developmental programming.
Journal ArticleDOI
Critical periods of susceptibility to short-term energy challenge during pregnancy: Impact on fertility and offspring development.
TL;DR: There are critical periods of pregnancy, particularly after implantation, when short-term, mild energetic challenges have significant impacts on fertility and offspring postnatal development, and delayed implantation may have evolved, in part, as a buffering mechanism to prevent pregnancy failure during impaired energy balance in early gestation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nutritional Regulation of Embryonic Survival, Growth, and Development.
Lawrence P. Reynolds,Kyle J McLean,Kacie L McCarthy,Wellison Jarles da Silva Diniz,A. C. B. Menezes,J Chris Forcherio,R. Scott,Pawel P. Borowicz,Alison K Ward,Carl R Dahlen,Joel S. Caton +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of various maternal "stressors", such as maternal malnutrition and assisted reproductive techniques (ART), during the periconceptual period of pregnancy on conceptus survival, growth, and development are examined.
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