Meeting the food and nutrition needs of the poor: the role of fish and the opportunities and challenges emerging from the rise of aquaculture.
TLDR
These issues with particular reference to Asia and Africa are explored and the technical and policy innovations needed to ensure that fish farming is able to fulfil its potential to meet the global population's food and nutrition needs are explored.Abstract:
People who are food and nutrition insecure largely reside in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa and for many, fish represents a rich source of protein, micronutrients and essential fatty acids. The contribution of fish to household food and nutrition security depends upon availability, access and cultural and personal preferences. Access is largely determined by location, seasonality and price but at the individual level it also depends upon a person's physiological and health status and how fish is prepared, cooked and shared among household members. The sustained and rapid expansion of aquaculture over the past 30 years has resulted in >40% of all fish now consumed being derived from farming. While aquaculture produce increasingly features in the diets of many Asians, it is much less apparent among those living in Sub-Saharan Africa. Here, per capita fish consumption has grown little and despite the apparently strong markets and adequate biophysical conditions, aquaculture has yet to develop. The contribution of aquaculture to food and nutrition security is not only just an issue of where aquaculture occurs but also of what is being produced and how and whether the produce is as accessible as that from capture fisheries. The range of fish species produced by an increasingly globalized aquaculture industry differs from that derived from capture fisheries. Farmed fishes are also different in terms of their nutrient content, a result of the species being grown and of rearing methods. Farmed fish price affects access by poor consumers while the size at which fish is harvested influences both access and use. This paper explores these issues with particular reference to Asia and Africa and the technical and policy innovations needed to ensure that fish farming is able to fulfil its potential to meet the global population's food and nutrition needs.read more
Citations
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A 20-year retrospective review of global aquaculture.
Rosamond L. Naylor,Ronald W. Hardy,Alejandro H. Buschmann,Simon R. Bush,Ling Cao,Dane H. Klinger,Dane H. Klinger,David C. Little,Jane Lubchenco,Sandra E. Shumway,Max Troell,Max Troell +11 more
TL;DR: A review of the development of aquaculture from 1997 to 2017 can be found in this article, where the authors highlight the integration of aqua-culture in the global food system and the potential for molluscs and seaweed to support global nutritional security.
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Feeding 9 billion by 2050 – Putting fish back on the menu
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors make a case for a closer integration of fish into the overall debate and future policy about food security and nutrition, making a case that fish is one of the most efficient converters of feed into high quality food and its carbon footprint is lower compared to other animal production systems.
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Climate Change and Global Food Systems: Potential Impacts on Food Security and Undernutrition.
Samuel S. Myers,Matthew R. Smith,Sarah Guth,Christopher D. Golden,Bapu Vaitla,Nathaniel D. Mueller,Alan D. Dangour,Peter Huybers +7 more
TL;DR: The main pathways by which climate change may affect the authors' food production systems-agriculture, fisheries, and livestock-as well as the socioeconomic forces that may influence equitable distribution are reviewed.
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Contribution of Fisheries and Aquaculture to Food Security and Poverty Reduction: Assessing the Current Evidence
Christophe Béné,Robert Arthur,Hannah Norbury,Edward H. Allison,Malcolm Beveridge,Simon R. Bush,Liam Campling,William Leschen,David C. Little,Dale Squires,Shakuntala H. Thilsted,Max Troell,Meryl J. Williams +12 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the existing evidence of how and to what extent capture fisheries and aquaculture contribute to improving nutrition, food security, and economic growth in developing and emergent countries.
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Does aquaculture add resilience to the global food system
Max Troell,Max Troell,Rosamond L. Naylor,Marc Metian,Malcolm Beveridge,Peter Tyedmers,Carl Folke,Carl Folke,Kenneth J. Arrow,Scott Barrett,Anne-Sophie Crépin,Paul R. Ehrlich,Åsa Gren,Nils Kautsky,Simon A. Levin,Karine Nyborg,Henrik Österblom,Stephen Polasky,Marten Scheffer,Brian Walker,Tasos Xepapadeas,Aart de Zeeuw +21 more
TL;DR: This work explores how current interconnections between the aquaculture, crop, livestock, and fisheries sectors act as an impediment to, or an opportunity for, enhanced resilience in the global food system given increased resource scarcity and climate change.
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