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Journal ArticleDOI

Structural brain magnetic resonance imaging of limbic and thalamic volumes in pediatric bipolar disorder

TLDR
Findings support the hypothesis that the limbic system, in particular the hippocampus, may be involved in the pathophysiology of pediatric bipolar disorder.
Abstract
Background: Youths with bipolar disorder are ideal for studying illness pathophysiology given their early presentation, lack of extended treatment, and high genetic loading. Adult bipolar disorder MRI studies have focused increasingly on limbic structures and the thalamus because of their role in mood and cognition. On the basis of adult studies, the authors hypothesized a priori that youths with bipolar disorder would have amygdalar, hippocampal, and thalamic volume abnormalities. METHOD: Forty-three youths 6–16 years of age with DSM-IV bipolar disorder (23 male, 20 female) and 20 healthy comparison subjects (12 male, eight female) similar in age and sex underwent structured and clinical interviews, neurological examination, and cognitive testing. Differences in limbic and thalamic brain volumes, on the logarithmic scale, were tested using a two-way (diagnosis and sex) univariate analysis of variance, with total cerebral volume and age controlled. RESULTS: The subjects with bipolar disorder had smaller h...

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

A neural model of voluntary and automatic emotion regulation: implications for understanding the pathophysiology and neurodevelopment of bipolar disorder.

TL;DR: A neural model of emotion regulation that includes neural systems implicated in different voluntary and automatic emotion regulatory subprocesses is developed and used as a theoretical framework to examine functional neural abnormalities in these neural systems that may predispose to the development of a major psychiatric disorder, bipolar disorder.
Journal ArticleDOI

Meta-analysis, database, and meta-regression of 98 structural imaging studies in bipolar disorder.

TL;DR: The meta-analyses revealed robust but regionally nonspecific changes of brain structure in bipolar disorder and revealed individual studies will remain underpowered unless sample size is increased or improvements in phenotypic selection and imaging methods are made to reduce within-study heterogeneity.
Journal ArticleDOI

Bipolar and Major Depressive Disorder: Neuroimaging the Developmental-Degenerative Divide

TL;DR: It is suggested that environmental stress and genetic risk variants interact with each other in a complex manner to alter neural circuitry and precipitate illness.
Journal ArticleDOI

Allostatic load in bipolar disorder: implications for pathophysiology and treatment.

TL;DR: Al provides an explanatory link to apparently unrelated findings such as cognitive impairment and higher rates of physical comorbidity and mortality that are observed in the course of BD and further highlight the importance of effective long-term prophylaxis.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory

TL;DR: An inventory of 20 items with a set of instructions and response- and computational-conventions is proposed and the results obtained from a young adult population numbering some 1100 individuals are reported.
Journal ArticleDOI

A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity.

TL;DR: The MRS score correlated highly with an independent global rating, and with scores of two other mania rating scales administered concurrently, and also correlated with the number of days of subsequent stay in hospital.
Book

Growth at Adolescence

TL;DR: This book is the expansion of a prize essay on the subject of obesity in childhood, with special reference to Hilde Bruch's theory on the causation of this condition, and is a useful summary of the statistical facts regarding obesity.
Journal ArticleDOI

Neurobiology of emotion perception I: the neural basis of normal emotion perception

TL;DR: It is suggested that the extent to which a stimulus is identified as emotive and is associated with the production of an affective state may be dependent upon levels of activity within these two neural systems.
Journal ArticleDOI

Chlorpromazine equivalent doses for the newer atypical antipsychotics

TL;DR: These equivalency estimates may be useful for clinical and research purposes and the source of the dose equivalency estimation is evidence-based and consistent across medication.
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