Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor.
Jun Lan,Jiwan Ge,Jinfang Yu,Sisi Shan,Huan Zhou,Shilong Fan,Qi Zhang,Xuanling Shi,Qisheng Wang,Linqi Zhang,Xinquan Wang +10 more
TLDR
High-resolution crystal structures of the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS -CoV in complex with ACE2 provide insights into the binding mode of these coronaviruses and highlight essential ACE2-interacting residues.Abstract:
A new and highly pathogenic coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, SARS-CoV-2) caused an outbreak in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China, starting from December 2019 that quickly spread nationwide and to other countries around the world1–3. Here, to better understand the initial step of infection at an atomic level, we determined the crystal structure of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 bound to the cell receptor ACE2. The overall ACE2-binding mode of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD is nearly identical to that of the SARS-CoV RBD, which also uses ACE2 as the cell receptor4. Structural analysis identified residues in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD that are essential for ACE2 binding, the majority of which either are highly conserved or share similar side chain properties with those in the SARS-CoV RBD. Such similarity in structure and sequence strongly indicate convergent evolution between the SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV RBDs for improved binding to ACE2, although SARS-CoV-2 does not cluster within SARS and SARS-related coronaviruses1–3,5. The epitopes of two SARS-CoV antibodies that target the RBD are also analysed for binding to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD, providing insights into the future identification of cross-reactive antibodies. High-resolution crystal structures of the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in complex with ACE2 provide insights into the binding mode of these coronaviruses and highlight essential ACE2-interacting residues.read more
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Current status of antivirals and druggable targets of SARS CoV-2 and other human pathogenic coronaviruses.
Anna Artese,Valentina Svicher,Giosuè Costa,Romina Salpini,Velia Chiara Di Maio,Mohammad Alkhatib,Francesca Alessandra Ambrosio,Maria Mercedes Santoro,Yehuda G. Assaraf,Stefano Alcaro,Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein +10 more
TL;DR: A systematic update on the current knowledge of the marked global efforts towards the development of antiviral strategies aimed at coping with the infection sustained by SARS-CoV-2 and other human pathogenic coronaviruses, displaying drug resistance profiles is provided.
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Antiviral Polymers: Past Approaches and Future Possibilities
TL;DR: Treating a viral disease is no simple feat, with drug resistance, latent reservoirs in the body, emerging novel viruses, and a frequent lack of specific treatments all complicate antiviral therapy.
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2): SARS-CoV-2 receptor and RAS modulator.
Jing-Wei Bian,Zi-Jian Li +1 more
TL;DR: An in-depth summary of the recent progress of ACE2 research and its relationship to the virus is urgently needed to provide possible solution to the dilemma of how to limit virus entry but protect ACE2 physiological functions.
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SARS-CoV-2 Mutations and their Viral Variants
TL;DR: In this paper , a literature survey of the increasing SARS-CoV-2 mutations and the viral variations is conducted, and various disguises of the mutant SARS CoV2 forms and their apparent differences from the original strain are examined as they could possibly aid in finding the most appropriate therapeutic approaches.
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Flavonols as potential antiviral drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 proteases (3CLpro and PLpro), spike protein, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptor (ACE2).
TL;DR: The efficacy of many dietary flavonols as potential antiviral drugs targeting the SARS-CoV-2 enzymes and proteins including Chymotrypsin-Like Protease (3CLpro), Papain Like protease (PLpro), Spike protein (S protein) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) are reviewed.
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TL;DR: Identification and characterization of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans in Wuhan, China, and it is shown that this virus belongs to the species of SARSr-CoV, indicates that the virus is related to a bat coronav virus.
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