Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor.
Jun Lan,Jiwan Ge,Jinfang Yu,Sisi Shan,Huan Zhou,Shilong Fan,Qi Zhang,Xuanling Shi,Qisheng Wang,Linqi Zhang,Xinquan Wang +10 more
TLDR
High-resolution crystal structures of the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS -CoV in complex with ACE2 provide insights into the binding mode of these coronaviruses and highlight essential ACE2-interacting residues.Abstract:
A new and highly pathogenic coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, SARS-CoV-2) caused an outbreak in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China, starting from December 2019 that quickly spread nationwide and to other countries around the world1–3. Here, to better understand the initial step of infection at an atomic level, we determined the crystal structure of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 bound to the cell receptor ACE2. The overall ACE2-binding mode of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD is nearly identical to that of the SARS-CoV RBD, which also uses ACE2 as the cell receptor4. Structural analysis identified residues in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD that are essential for ACE2 binding, the majority of which either are highly conserved or share similar side chain properties with those in the SARS-CoV RBD. Such similarity in structure and sequence strongly indicate convergent evolution between the SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV RBDs for improved binding to ACE2, although SARS-CoV-2 does not cluster within SARS and SARS-related coronaviruses1–3,5. The epitopes of two SARS-CoV antibodies that target the RBD are also analysed for binding to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD, providing insights into the future identification of cross-reactive antibodies. High-resolution crystal structures of the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in complex with ACE2 provide insights into the binding mode of these coronaviruses and highlight essential ACE2-interacting residues.read more
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Impact of age, sex, comorbidities and clinical symptoms on the severity of COVID-19 cases: A meta-analysis with 55 studies and 10014 cases
TL;DR: M Males patients and elderly or older patients (age ≥50 years) are at higher risk of developing severity, whereas comorbidities and clinical manifestations could significantly affect the prognosis and severity of COVID-19.
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DNA vaccines against COVID-19: Perspectives and challenges.
TL;DR: In this article, a review aimed to summarize the current knowledge and advancements on DNA vaccines against COVID-19, particularly those in clinical trials, and concluded that DNA vaccination is a promising alternative to conventional vaccines.
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Insights to SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, pathophysiology, and rationalized treatments that target COVID-19 clinical complications.
Ioannis P. Trougakos,Kimon Stamatelopoulos,Evangelos Terpos,Ourania E. Tsitsilonis,Evmorfia Aivalioti,Dimitrios Paraskevis,Efstathios Kastritis,George N. Pavlakis,Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and a number of approaches aiming to suppress viral infection rates or propagation; increase virus antigen presentation in order to activate a robust and durable adaptive immune response from the host, and/or mitigate the ARDS-related "cytokine storm" and collateral tissue damage that triggers the severe life-threatening complications of COVID-19.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular Mechanism of Evolution and Human Infection with SARS-CoV-2.
TL;DR: It was found that SARS-CoV-2 binds ACE2 with a higher affinity than SARS -CoV, which may partly explain that SARs-Cov-2 is much more infectious than Sars- coV, and the computation suggested that the RBD-ACE2 binding for SARS-Co V-2 was much more temperature-sensitive than that for SARS/CoV.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronavirus With ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme)-2 as Their Main Receptor: Therapeutic Implications.
TL;DR: The current understanding of the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with ACE2 is reviewed as it has rapidly unfolded over the last months with clear therapeutic implications.
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