Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor.
Jun Lan,Jiwan Ge,Jinfang Yu,Sisi Shan,Huan Zhou,Shilong Fan,Qi Zhang,Xuanling Shi,Qisheng Wang,Linqi Zhang,Xinquan Wang +10 more
TLDR
High-resolution crystal structures of the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS -CoV in complex with ACE2 provide insights into the binding mode of these coronaviruses and highlight essential ACE2-interacting residues.Abstract:
A new and highly pathogenic coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, SARS-CoV-2) caused an outbreak in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China, starting from December 2019 that quickly spread nationwide and to other countries around the world1–3. Here, to better understand the initial step of infection at an atomic level, we determined the crystal structure of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 bound to the cell receptor ACE2. The overall ACE2-binding mode of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD is nearly identical to that of the SARS-CoV RBD, which also uses ACE2 as the cell receptor4. Structural analysis identified residues in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD that are essential for ACE2 binding, the majority of which either are highly conserved or share similar side chain properties with those in the SARS-CoV RBD. Such similarity in structure and sequence strongly indicate convergent evolution between the SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV RBDs for improved binding to ACE2, although SARS-CoV-2 does not cluster within SARS and SARS-related coronaviruses1–3,5. The epitopes of two SARS-CoV antibodies that target the RBD are also analysed for binding to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD, providing insights into the future identification of cross-reactive antibodies. High-resolution crystal structures of the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in complex with ACE2 provide insights into the binding mode of these coronaviruses and highlight essential ACE2-interacting residues.read more
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Evidence For and Against Direct Kidney Infection by SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with COVID-19.
Luise Hassler,Fabiola Reyes,Matthew A. Sparks,Matthew A. Sparks,Paul A. Welling,Daniel Batlle +5 more
TL;DR: A review of studies to date shows that SARS-CoV-2 in the kidney of patients with COVID-19 was detected in 18 of 94 (19%) by immuno-histochemistry, 71 of 144 (49%) by RT-PCR and 11 of 84 (13%) by in situ hybridization.
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Molecular docking analysis of rutin reveals possible inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 vital proteins.
TL;DR: In this article, the role of rutin in the inhibition of essential proteins of SARS-CoV-2 including main protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), papain-like protease (PLpro), and spike (S)-protein through different in silico approaches.
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Immunogenomics guided design of immunomodulatory multi-epitope subunit vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 new variants, and its validation through in silico cloning and immune simulation.
Abbas Khan,Shahzeb Khan,Shoaib Saleem,N. Nizam-Uddin,Anwar Mohammad,Taimoor Khan,Sajjad Ahmad,Muhammad Arshad,Syed Shujait Ali,Muhammad Suleman,Dong-Qing Wei +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, an immunoinformatics pipeline was employed to target the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 strain to construct an immunogenic epitope (CTL, HTL, and B cell) vaccine against the new variant.
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Distinct Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality in Female Inpatients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Sex-stratified, Large-scale Cohort Study in Wuhan, China.
Jing Chen,Hualin Bai,Jia Liu,Ge Chen,Qiuyue Liao,Jie Yang,Peng Wu,Juncheng Wei,Ding Ma,Gang Chen,Jihui Ai,Kezhen Li +11 more
TL;DR: Significantly more mild illness and fewer deaths were found in female COVID-19 inpatients and risk factors associated with mortality varied among male and female population.
Journal ArticleDOI
Generation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Pseudotyped Virus for Viral Entry and Neutralization Assays: A 1-Week Protocol
Jose Manuel Condor Capcha,Guerline Lambert,Derek M. Dykxhoorn,Alessandro Salerno,Joshua M. Hare,Michael A. Whitt,Savita Pahwa,Dushyantha Jayaweera,Lina A. Shehadeh +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed protocol for producing SARS-CoV-2 spike-bearing pseudovirus using the VSV-ΔG system was developed, which can be used for screening for neutralizing antibodies and other agents that can block infection.
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