Journal ArticleDOI
Sustainability and Development
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In this paper, the authors extend the accounting rules for the depreciation of the total stock of reproducible, human, and natural capital of an economy to incorporate the direct benefits provided by ecosystems and integrate any capital revaluation that occurs through ecosystem restoration and conversion.Abstract:
Sustainable development requires that per capita welfare does not decline over time. The minimum condition is ensuring that any depletion of natural capital is compensated by reproducible and human capital, so that the value of the aggregate stock does not decrease. Meeting this condition is problematic if natural capital includes ecosystems, which not only provide unique goods and services but are also prone to irreversible conversion and abrupt collapse. Net domestic product accounting rules for the depreciation of the total stock of reproducible, human, and natural capital of an economy can be extended to incorporate the direct benefits provided by ecosystems. They also can integrate any capital revaluation that occurs through ecosystem restoration and conversion and the threat of irreversible collapse. These approaches confirm the economic interpretation of sustainability as nondeclining welfare. They can also be used to estimate the changes in the value of ecological capital due to economic activity.read more
Citations
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The Sustainable Development Goals and the systems approach to sustainability
TL;DR: This analysis focuses on the potential tradeoffs among SDGs, but the approach could also be applied to show complementarities, or “winwins”, in simultaneous progress among two or more SDGs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sustainable development goal indicators: Analyzing trade-offs and complementarities
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors develop an analytical model to estimate the welfare effects of progress in attaining one SDG while accounting for interactions in achieving other SDGs, and assess quantitatively progress in the SDGs over 2000-2016 at the global level and for low-income countries, using a representative indicator for each goal.
Journal ArticleDOI
Land Degradation Neutrality: Concept development, practical applications and assessment.
TL;DR: The comprehensive assessment of the components of land systems and their mutual equilibrium, which determine the potential for sustainable functioning, therefore can be a basis for the development and selection of the most appropriate indicators and measures of LDN at global, regional and local levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Economics of Sustainable Development and the Bioeconomy
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that policies and incentives that correct market failure can attain sustainable development through enhancing conservation, recycling, the use of renewable resources, and development of the bioeconomy.
Journal ArticleDOI
The concept of natural capital
TL;DR: The natural environment is now commonly viewed as a form of capital asset, or natural capital as mentioned in this paper, and there are contrasting weak versus strong sustainability views, which in turn have implications for green accounting.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems.
TL;DR: Recent studies show that a loss of resilience usually paves the way for a switch to an alternative state, which suggests that strategies for sustainable management of such ecosystems should focus on maintaining resilience.
Journal ArticleDOI
Freshwater biodiversity: importance, threats, status and conservation challenges
David Dudgeon,Angela Arthington,Mark O. Gessner,Zen'ichiro Kawabata,Duncan Knowler,Christian Lévêque,Robert J. Naiman,Anne-Hélène Prieur-Richard,Doris Soto,Melanie L. J. Stiassny,Caroline A Sullivan +10 more
TL;DR: This article explores the special features of freshwater habitats and the biodiversity they support that makes them especially vulnerable to human activities and advocates continuing attempts to check species loss but urges adoption of a compromise position of management for biodiversity conservation, ecosystem functioning and resilience, and human livelihoods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity
Charles J. Vörösmarty,Peter B. McIntyre,Peter B. McIntyre,Mark O. Gessner,David Dudgeon,Alexander A. Prusevich,Pamela A. Green,Stanley Glidden,Stuart E. Bunn,Caroline A Sullivan,C. Reidy Liermann,Peter Davies +11 more
TL;DR: The first worldwide synthesis to jointly consider human and biodiversity perspectives on water security using a spatial framework that quantifies multiple stressors and accounts for downstream impacts is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Global Map of Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems
Benjamin S. Halpern,Shaun Walbridge,Kimberly A. Selkoe,Kimberly A. Selkoe,Carrie V. Kappel,Fiorenza Micheli,Caterina D'Agrosa,Caterina D'Agrosa,John F. Bruno,Kenneth S. Casey,Colin M. Ebert,Helen E. Fox,Rod Fujita,Dennis Heinemann,Hunter S. Lenihan,Elizabeth M. P. Madin,Matthew T. Perry,Elizabeth R. Selig,Elizabeth R. Selig,Mark Spalding,Robert S. Steneck,Reg Watson +21 more
TL;DR: This article developed an ecosystem-specific, multiscale spatial model to synthesize 17 global data sets of anthropogenic drivers of ecological change for 20 marine ecosystems and found that no area is unaffected by human influence and that a large fraction (41%) is strongly affected by multiple drivers.
Journal ArticleDOI
The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystem services
Edward B. Barbier,Sally D. Hacker,Chris J. Kennedy,Evamaria W. Koch,Adrian C. Stier,Brian R. Silliman +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the main ecological services across a variety of estuarine and coastal ecosystems (ECEs) including marshes, mangroves, nearshore coral reefs, seagrass beds, and sand beaches and dunes are reviewed.
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