Sustaining conservation values in selectively logged tropical forests: the attained and the attainable
Francis E. Putz,Francis E. Putz,Pieter A. Zuidema,Pieter A. Zuidema,Timothy Synnott,Marielos Peña-Claros,Michelle A. Pinard,Douglas Sheil,Jerome K. Vanclay,Plinio Sist,Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury,Bronson W. Griscom,John Palmer,Roderick Zagt +13 more
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In this paper, the extent to which tropical forests sustain timber production, retain species, and conserve carbon stocks is examined, and some improvements in tropical forestry and how their implementation can be promoted.Abstract:
Most tropical forests outside protected areas have been or will be selectively logged so it is essential to maximize the conservation values of partially harvested areas. Here we examine the extent to which these forests sustain timber production, retain species, and conserve carbon stocks. We then describe some improvements in tropical forestry and how their implementation can be promoted. A simple meta-analysis based on >100 publications revealed substantial variability but that: timber yields decline by about 46% after the first harvest but are subsequently sustained at that level; 76% of carbon is retained in once-logged forests; and, 85‐100% of species of mammals, birds, invertebrates, and plants remain after logging. Timber stocks will not regain primary-forest levels within current harvest cycles, but yields increase if collateral damage is reduced and silvicultural treatments are applied. Given that selectively logged forests retain substantial biodiversity, carbon, and timber stocks, this “middle way” between deforestation and total protection deserves more attention from researchers, conservation organizations, and policy-makers. Improvements in forest management are now likely if synergies are enhanced among initiatives to retain forest carbon stocks (REDD+), assure the legality of forest products, certify responsible management, and devolve control over forests to empowered local communities.read more
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Natural climate solutions
Bronson W. Griscom,Bronson W. Griscom,Justin Adams,Peter W. Ellis,Richard A. Houghton,Guy Lomax,Daniela A. Miteva,William H. Schlesinger,David Shoch,Juha Siikamäki,Pete Smith,Peter B. Woodbury,Chris Zganjar,Allen Blackman,João S. Campari,Richard T. Conant,Christopher Delgado,Patricia Elias,Trisha Gopalakrishna,Marisa R. Hamsik,Mario Herrero,Joseph M. Kiesecker,Emily Landis,Lars Laestadius,Lars Laestadius,Sara M. Leavitt,Susan Minnemeyer,Stephen Polasky,Peter Potapov,Francis E. Putz,Jonathan Sanderman,Marcel Silvius,Eva K. Wollenberg,Joseph Fargione +33 more
TL;DR: It is shown that NCS can provide over one-third of the cost-effective climate mitigation needed between now and 2030 to stabilize warming to below 2 °C.
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Agricultural expansion and its impacts on tropical nature
TL;DR: Key priorities are to improve technologies and policies that promote more ecologically efficient food production while optimizing the allocation of lands to conservation and agriculture.
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Primary forest cover loss in Indonesia over 2000–2012
Belinda Arunarwati Margono,Belinda Arunarwati Margono,Peter Potapov,Svetlana Turubanova,Fred Stolle,Matthew C. Hansen +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report a spatially and temporally explicit quantification of Indonesian primary forest loss, which totalled over 602 Mha from 2000 to 2012 and increased on average by 47,600 ha per year.
Journal ArticleDOI
The exceptional value of intact forest ecosystems
James E. M. Watson,James E. M. Watson,Tom Evans,Oscar Venter,Brooke Williams,Brooke Williams,Ayesha I. T. Tulloch,Ayesha I. T. Tulloch,Claire Louise Stewart,Ian D. Thompson,Justina C. Ray,Kris A. Murray,Alvaro Salazar,Clive McAlpine,Peter Potapov,Joe Walston,John G. Robinson,Michael Painter,David Wilkie,Christopher E. Filardi,William F. Laurance,Richard A. Houghton,Sean L. Maxwell,Hedley S. Grantham,Hedley S. Grantham,Cristián Samper,Stephanie Wang,Lars Laestadius,Rebecca K. Runting,Gustavo A. Silva-Chávez,Jamison Ervin,David B. Lindenmayer +31 more
TL;DR: It is argued that maintaining and, where possible, restoring the integrity of dwindling intact forests is an urgent priority for current global efforts to halt the ongoing biodiversity crisis, slow rapid climate change and achieve sustainability goals.
References
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Pseudoreplication and the Design of Ecological Field Experiments
TL;DR: Suggestions are offered to statisticians and editors of ecological journals as to how ecologists' under- standing of experimental design and statistics might be improved.
Journal ArticleDOI
Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity
Luke Gibson,Tien Ming Lee,Tien Ming Lee,Lian Pin Koh,Lian Pin Koh,Barry W. Brook,Toby A. Gardner,Jos Barlow,Carlos A. Peres,Corey J. A. Bradshaw,Corey J. A. Bradshaw,William F. Laurance,Thomas E. Lovejoy,Navjot S. Sodhi +13 more
TL;DR: It is found that biodiversity values were substantially lower in degraded forests, but that this varied considerably by geographic region, taxonomic group, ecological metric and disturbance type.
Journal ArticleDOI
Selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon.
Gregory P. Asner,David E. Knapp,Eben N. Broadbent,Paulo J. Oliveira,Michael Keller,José Natalino Macedo Silva +5 more
TL;DR: This work developed a large-scale, high-resolution, automated remote-sensing analysis of selective logging in the top five timber-producing states of the Brazilian Amazon, equivalent to 60 to 123% of previously reported deforestation area.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiversity Differences between Managed and Unmanaged Forests: Meta-Analysis of Species Richness in Europe
Yoan Paillet,Laurent Bergès,Joakim Hjältén,Péter Ódor,Catherine Avon,Markus Bernhardt-Römermann,R.J. Bijlsma,Luc De Bruyn,Luc De Bruyn,Marc Fuhr,Ulf Grandin,Robert Kanka,Lars Lundin,Sandra Luque,Tibor Magura,Silvia Matesanz,Ilona Mészáros,M. Teresa Sebastià,Wolfgang Schmidt,Tibor Standovár,Béla Tóthmérész,Anneli Uotila,Fernando Valladares,Kai Vellak,Risto Virtanen +24 more
TL;DR: The global difference in species richness between unmanaged and managed forests increased with time since abandonment and indicated a gradual recovery of biodiversity, which supports the need for a coordinated European research network to study and monitor the biodiversity of different taxa in managed and unmanaged forests.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Potential for Species Conservation in Tropical Secondary Forests
Robin L. Chazdon,Carlos A. Peres,Daisy H. Dent,Douglas Sheil,Ariel E. Lugo,David Lamb,Nigel E. Stork,Scott E. Miller +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered a complex hierarchy of factors that interact in space and time to determine the conservation potential of tropical secondary forests and found that the conservation value of a secondary forest is expected to increase over time, as species arriving from remaining old-growth forest patches accumulate.