Journal ArticleDOI
Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity
Luke Gibson,Tien Ming Lee,Tien Ming Lee,Lian Pin Koh,Lian Pin Koh,Barry W. Brook,Toby A. Gardner,Jos Barlow,Carlos A. Peres,Corey J. A. Bradshaw,Corey J. A. Bradshaw,William F. Laurance,Thomas E. Lovejoy,Navjot S. Sodhi +13 more
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TLDR
It is found that biodiversity values were substantially lower in degraded forests, but that this varied considerably by geographic region, taxonomic group, ecological metric and disturbance type.Abstract:
Human-driven land-use changes increasingly threaten biodiversity, particularly in tropical forests where both species diversity and human pressures on natural environments are high. The rapid conversion of tropical forests for agriculture, timber production and other uses has generated vast, human-dominated landscapes with potentially dire consequences for tropical biodiversity. Today, few truly undisturbed tropical forests exist, whereas those degraded by repeated logging and fires, as well as secondary and plantation forests, are rapidly expanding. Here we provide a global assessment of the impact of disturbance and land conversion on biodiversity in tropical forests using a meta-analysis of 138 studies. We analysed 2,220 pairwise comparisons of biodiversity values in primary forests (with little or no human disturbance) and disturbed forests. We found that biodiversity values were substantially lower in degraded forests, but that this varied considerably by geographic region, taxonomic group, ecological metric and disturbance type. Even after partly accounting for confounding colonization and succession effects due to the composition of surrounding habitats, isolation and time since disturbance, we find that most forms of forest degradation have an overwhelmingly detrimental effect on tropical biodiversity. Our results clearly indicate that when it comes to maintaining tropical biodiversity, there is no substitute for primary forests.read more
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Global effects of land use on local terrestrial biodiversity
Tim Newbold,Lawrence N. Hudson,Samantha L. L. Hill,Sara Contu,Igor Lysenko,Rebecca A. Senior,Luca Börger,Dominic J. Bennett,Argyrios Choimes,Ben Collen,Julie Day,Adriana De Palma,Sandra Díaz,Susy Echeverría-Londoño,Melanie J. Edgar,Anat Feldman,Morgan Garon,Michelle L K Harrison,Tamera I Alhusseini,Daniel J. Ingram,Yuval Itescu,Jens Kattge,Victoria Kemp,Lucinda Kirkpatrick,Michael Kleyer,David L P Correia,Callum D. Martin,Shai Meiri,Maria Novosolov,Yuan Pan,Helen Phillips,Drew W. Purves,Alexandra N Robinson,Jake Simpson,Sean L. Tuck,Evan Weiher,Hannah J. White,Robert M. Ewers,Georgina M. Mace,Jörn P. W. Scharlemann,Andy Purvis +40 more
TL;DR: A terrestrial assemblage database of unprecedented geographic and taxonomic coverage is analysed to quantify local biodiversity responses to land use and related changes and shows that in the worst-affected habitats, pressures reduce within-sample species richness by an average of 76.5%, total abundance by 39.5% and rarefaction-based richness by 40.3%.
Journal ArticleDOI
Greening of the Earth and its drivers
Zaichun Zhu,Zaichun Zhu,Shilong Piao,Shilong Piao,Ranga B. Myneni,Mengtian Huang,Zhenzhong Zeng,Josep G. Canadell,Philippe Ciais,Philippe Ciais,Stephen Sitch,Pierre Friedlingstein,Almut Arneth,Chunxiang Cao,Lei Cheng,Etsushi Kato,Charles D. Koven,Yue Li,Xu Lian,Yongwen Liu,Ronggao Liu,Jiafu Mao,Yaozhong Pan,Shushi Peng,Josep Peñuelas,Benjamin Poulter,Thomas A. M. Pugh,Thomas A. M. Pugh,Benjamin D. Stocker,Benjamin D. Stocker,Nicolas Viovy,Xuhui Wang,Ying-Ping Wang,Zhiqiang Xiao,Hui Yang,Sönke Zaehle,Ning Zeng +36 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used three long-term satellite leaf area index (LAI) records and ten global ecosystem models to investigate four key drivers of LAI trends during 1982-2009.
Journal ArticleDOI
Agricultural expansion and its impacts on tropical nature
TL;DR: Key priorities are to improve technologies and policies that promote more ecologically efficient food production while optimizing the allocation of lands to conservation and agriculture.
Journal ArticleDOI
Averting biodiversity collapse in tropical forest protected areas
William F. Laurance,William F. Laurance,D. Carolina Useche,Julio Rendeiro,Margareta B. Kalka,Corey J. A. Bradshaw,Sean Sloan,Susan G. Laurance,Mason J. Campbell,Kate Abernethy,Patricia Alvarez,Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez,Peter S. Ashton,Julieta Benítez-Malvido,Allard Blom,Kadiri Serge Bobo,Charles H. Cannon,Min Cao,R. W. Carroll,Colin A. Chapman,Rosamond Coates,Marina Cords,Finn Danielsen,Bart De Dijn,Eric Dinerstein,Maureen A. Donnelly,David Edwards,Felicity A. Edwards,Nina Farwig,Peter J. Fashing,Pierre-Michel Forget,Mercedes S. Foster,George A. Gale,David Harris,Rhett D. Harrison,John Hart,Sarah M. Karpanty,W. John Kress,Jagdish Krishnaswamy,Willis Logsdon,Jon C. Lovett,William E. Magnusson,Fiona Maisels,Fiona Maisels,Andrew R. Marshall,Deedra McClearn,Divya Mudappa,Martin Reinhardt Nielsen,Richard G. Pearson,Nigel C. A. Pitman,Jan van der Ploeg,Andrew J. Plumptre,John R. Poulsen,Mauricio Quesada,Hugo Rainey,Douglas W. Robinson,Christiane Roetgers,Francesco Rovero,Frederick N. Scatena,Christian H. Schulze,Douglas Sheil,Thomas T. Struhsaker,John Terborgh,Duncan W. Thomas,Robert M. Timm,J. Nicolás Urbina-Cardona,Karthikeyan Vasudevan,S. Joseph Wright,Juan Carlos Arias-G.,Luzmila Arroyo,Mark S. Ashton,Philippe Auzel,Dennis Babaasa,Fred Babweteera,Patrick J. Baker,Olaf Bánki,Margot Bass,Inogwabini Bila-Isia,Stephen Blake,Warren Y. Brockelman,Nicholas Brokaw,Carsten A. Brühl,Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin,Jung Tai Chao,Jérôme Chave,Ravi Chellam,Connie J. Clark,José Clavijo,Robert A. Congdon,Richard T. Corlett,H. S. Dattaraja,Chittaranjan Dave,Glyn Davies,Beatriz de Mello Beisiegel,Rosa De Nazaré Paes Da Silva,Anthony Di Fiore,Arvin C. Diesmos,Rodolfo Dirzo,Diane M. Doran-Sheehy,Mitchell J. Eaton,Louise H. Emmons,Alejandro Estrada,Corneille E. N. Ewango,Linda M. Fedigan,François Feer,Barbara Fruth,Jacalyn Giacalone Willis,Uromi Manage Goodale,Steven M. Goodman,Juan Carlos Guix,Paul Guthiga,William A. Haber,Keith C. Hamer,Ilka Herbinger,Jane K. Hill,Zhongliang Huang,I Fang Sun,Kalan Ickes,Akira Itoh,Natália Macedo Ivanauskas,Betsy R. Jackes,John P. Janovec,Daniel H. Janzen,Mo Jiangming,Chen Jin,Trevor Jones,Hermes Justiniano,Elisabeth K. V. Kalko,Aventino Kasangaki,Timothy J. Killeen,Hen Biau King,Erik Klop,Cheryl D. Knott,Inza Koné,Enoka P. Kudavidanage,José Lahoz Da Silva Ribeiro,John E. Lattke,Richard Laval,Robert O. Lawton,Miguel E. Leal,Mark Leighton,Miguel Lentino,Cristiane Leonel,Jeremy A. Lindsell,Lee Ling-Ling,K. Eduard Linsenmair,Elizabeth Losos,Ariel E. Lugo,Jeremiah S. Lwanga,Andrew L. Mack,Marlucia Bonifacio Martins,W. Scott McGraw,Roan McNab,Luciano Fogaça de Assis Montag,Jo Myers Thompson,Jacob Nabe-Nielsen,Michiko Nakagawa,Sanjay K. Nepal,Marilyn A. Norconk,Vojtech Novotny,Sean O'Donnell,Muse Opiang,Paul E. Ouboter,Kenneth C. Parker,Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy,Kátia Pisciotta,Dewi M. Prawiradilaga,Catherine M. Pringle,Subaraj Rajathurai,Ulrich H. Reichard,Katherine Renton,Glen Reynolds,Vernon Reynolds,Erin P. Riley,Mark-Oliver Rödel,Jessica M. Rothman,Philip D. Round,Shoko Sakai,Tania M. Sanaiotti,Tommaso Savini,Gertrud Schaab,John Seidensticker,Alhaji Siaka,Miles R. Silman,Thomas B. Smith,Samuel Almeida,Navjot S. Sodhi,Craig B. Stanford,Kristine Stewart,Emma J. Stokes,Kathryn E. Stoner,Raman Sukumar,Martin Surbeck,Mathias W. Tobler,Teja Tscharntke,Andrea K. Turkalo,Govindaswamy Umapathy,Merlijn van Weerd,Jorge H. Vega Rivera,Meena Venkataraman,Linda Venn,Carlos Verea,Carolina V. Castilho,Matthias Waltert,Benjamin C. Wang,David P. Watts,William Weber,Paige West,David Whitacre,Kenneth D. Whitney,David Wilkie,Stephen E. Williams,Debra D. Wright,Patricia C. Wright,Lu Xiankai,Pralad Yonzon,Franky Zamzani +216 more
TL;DR: These findings suggest that tropical protected areas are often intimately linked ecologically to their surrounding habitats, and that a failure to stem broad-scale loss and degradation of such habitats could sharply increase the likelihood of serious biodiversity declines.
Journal ArticleDOI
Has land use pushed terrestrial biodiversity beyond the planetary boundary? A global assessment
Tim Newbold,Tim Newbold,Lawrence N. Hudson,Andrew P. Arnell,Sara Contu,Adriana De Palma,Adriana De Palma,Simon Ferrier,Samantha L. L. Hill,Samantha L. L. Hill,Andrew J. Hoskins,Igor Lysenko,Helen Phillips,Helen Phillips,Victoria J. Burton,Charlotte W T Chng,Susan R Emerson,Di Gao,Gwilym D Pask-Hale,Jon Hutton,Jon Hutton,Martin Jung,Martin Jung,Katia Sanchez-Ortiz,Benno I. Simmons,Benno I. Simmons,Sarah Whitmee,Hanbin Zhang,Jörn P. W. Scharlemann,Jörn P. W. Scharlemann,Andy Purvis,Andy Purvis +31 more
TL;DR: It is estimated that land use and related pressures have already reduced local biodiversity intactness—the average proportion of natural biodiversity remaining in local ecosystems—beyond its recently proposed planetary boundary across 58.1% of the world’s land surface, where 71.4%) of the human population live.
References
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Book
Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach
TL;DR: The second edition of this book is unique in that it focuses on methods for making formal statistical inference from all the models in an a priori set (Multi-Model Inference).
Journal ArticleDOI
Global Consequences of Land Use
Jonathan A. Foley,Ruth DeFries,Gregory P. Asner,Carol C. Barford,Gordon B. Bonan,Stephen R. Carpenter,F. Stuart Chapin,Michael T. Coe,Michael T. Coe,Gretchen C. Daily,Holly K. Gibbs,Joseph H. Helkowski,Tracey Holloway,Erica A. Howard,Christopher J. Kucharik,Chad Monfreda,Jonathan A. Patz,I. Colin Prentice,Navin Ramankutty,Peter K. Snyder +19 more
TL;DR: Global croplands, pastures, plantations, and urban areas have expanded in recent decades, accompanied by large increases in energy, water, and fertilizer consumption, along with considerable losses of biodiversity.
Journal ArticleDOI
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Osvaldo E. Sala,F. S. Chapin,Juan J. Armesto,Eric L. Berlow,Janine Bloomfield,Rodolfo Dirzo,E Huber-Sanwald,Laura Foster Huenneke,Robert B. Jackson,Ann P. Kinzig,Rik Leemans,David M. Lodge,Harold A. Mooney,Martín Oesterheld,N L Poff,Martin T. Sykes,Brian Walker,Marilyn D. Walker,Diana H. Wall +18 more
TL;DR: This study identified a ranking of the importance of drivers of change, aranking of the biomes with respect to expected changes, and the major sources of uncertainties in projections of future biodiversity change.
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Henrique M. Pereira,Paul Leadley,Vania Proenca,Rob Alkemade,Joern P. W. Scharlemann,Juan F. Fernández-Manjarrés,Miguel B. Araújo,Miguel B. Araújo,Patricia Balvanera,Reinette Biggs,William W. L. Cheung,Louise Chini,H. David Cooper,Eric Gilman,Sylvie Guénette,George C. Hurtt,George C. Hurtt,Henry P. Huntington,Georgina M. Mace,Thierry Oberdorff,Carmen Revenga,Patrícia Rodrigues,Robert J. Scholes,Ussif Rashid Sumaila,Matt Walpole +24 more
TL;DR: Scenarios consistently indicate that biodiversity will continue to decline over the 21st century, however, the range of projected changes is much broader than most studies suggest, partly because there are major opportunities to intervene through better policies, but also because of large uncertainties in projections.
Related Papers (5)
Quantifying the biodiversity value of tropical primary, secondary, and plantation forests.
Jos Barlow,Toby A. Gardner,Izonete de Jesus da Silva Araujo,Teresa C. S. Avila-Pires,Alexandre B. Bonaldo,Jennifer Costa,Maria Cristina Esposito,Leandro Valle Ferreira,Joseph E. Hawes,Malva Isabel Medina Hernández,Marinus S. Hoogmoed,Rafael N. Leite,Nancy F. Lo-Man-Hung,Jay R. Malcolm,Marlucia Bonifacio Martins,Luiz Augusto Macedo Mestre,R. Miranda-Santos,A. L. Nunes-Gutjahr,William L. Overal,Luke Parry,Solange Peters,Marco A. Ribeiro-Júnior,M. N. F. da Silva,C. da Silva Motta,Carlos A. Peres +24 more
Global effects of land use on local terrestrial biodiversity
Tim Newbold,Lawrence N. Hudson,Samantha L. L. Hill,Sara Contu,Igor Lysenko,Rebecca A. Senior,Luca Börger,Dominic J. Bennett,Argyrios Choimes,Ben Collen,Julie Day,Adriana De Palma,Sandra Díaz,Susy Echeverría-Londoño,Melanie J. Edgar,Anat Feldman,Morgan Garon,Michelle L K Harrison,Tamera I Alhusseini,Daniel J. Ingram,Yuval Itescu,Jens Kattge,Victoria Kemp,Lucinda Kirkpatrick,Michael Kleyer,David L P Correia,Callum D. Martin,Shai Meiri,Maria Novosolov,Yuan Pan,Helen Phillips,Drew W. Purves,Alexandra N Robinson,Jake Simpson,Sean L. Tuck,Evan Weiher,Hannah J. White,Robert M. Ewers,Georgina M. Mace,Jörn P. W. Scharlemann,Andy Purvis +40 more