The ERA5 global reanalysis
Hans Hersbach,Bill Bell,Paul Berrisford,Shoji Hirahara,András Horányi,Joaquín Muñoz-Sabater,Julien Nicolas,Carole Peubey,Raluca Radu,Dinand Schepers,Adrian Simmons,Cornel Soci,Saleh Abdalla,Xavier Abellan,Gianpaolo Balsamo,Peter Bechtold,Gionata Biavati,Jean Bidlot,Massimo Bonavita,Giovanna de Chiara,Per Dahlgren,Dick Dee,Michail Diamantakis,Rossana Dragani,Johannes Flemming,Richard G. Forbes,Manuel Fuentes,Alan J. Geer,Leo Haimberger,Sean Healy,Robin J. Hogan,Elías Hólm,Marta Janisková,Sarah Keeley,Patrick Laloyaux,Philippe Lopez,Cristina Lupu,Gabor Radnoti,Patricia de Rosnay,Iryna Rozum,Freja Vamborg,Sebastien Villaume,Jean-Noël Thépaut +42 more
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This article is published in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society.The article was published on 2020-07-01 and is currently open access. It has received 8699 citations till now.read more
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ERA5-Land: a state-of-the-art global reanalysis dataset for land applications
Joaquín Muñoz-Sabater,Emanuel Dutra,Emanuel Dutra,Anna Agusti-Panareda,Clément Albergel,Clément Albergel,Gabriele Arduini,Gianpaolo Balsamo,Souhail Boussetta,Margarita Choulga,Shaun Harrigan,Hans Hersbach,Brecht Martens,Diego G. Miralles,Maria Piles,Nemesio Rodriguez-Fernandez,Ervin Zsoter,Carlo Buontempo,Jean-Noël Thépaut +18 more
TL;DR: The ERA5-Land dataset as mentioned in this paper is an enhanced global dataset for the land component of the fifth generation of European ReAnalysis (ERA5), hereafter referred to as ERA5Land.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979
Mika Rantanen,Alexey Yu. Karpechko,Antti Lipponen,Kalle Nordling,Otto Hyvärinen,Kimmo Ruosteenoja,Timo Vihma,Ari Laaksonen +7 more
TL;DR: This paper showed that during the last 43 years the Arctic has been warming nearly four times faster than the globe, which is a higher ratio than generally reported in literature, and compared the observed Arctic amplification ratio with the ratio simulated by state-of-the-art climate models, and found that the observed fourfold warming ratio over 1979-2021 is an extremely rare occasion in the climate model simulations.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Updated Assessment of Near-Surface Temperature Change From 1850: The HadCRUT5 Data Set
Colin Morice,John Kennedy,Nick Rayner,Jonathan Winn,Emma Hogan,Rachel Killick,Robert Dunn,Timothy J. Osborn,Philip Jones,Isla R. Simpson +9 more
TL;DR: HadCRUT5 as discussed by the authors is a global surface temperature dataset that combines sea-surface temperature measurements over the ocean from ships and buoys and near-surface air temperature measurements from weather stations over the land surface.
Journal ArticleDOI
GISS-E2.1: Configurations and Climatology.
Maxwell Kelley,Gavin A. Schmidt,Larissa Nazarenko,Larissa Nazarenko,Susanne E. Bauer,Reto Ruedy,Gary L. Russell,Andrew S. Ackerman,Igor Aleinov,Igor Aleinov,Michael Bauer,Michael Bauer,Rainer Bleck,Rainer Bleck,Vittorio Canuto,G. Cesana,G. Cesana,Y. Cheng,Y. Cheng,Thomas Clune,Ben I. Cook,Carlos A. Cruz,Anthony D. Del Genio,Gregory S. Elsaesser,Gregory S. Elsaesser,Greg Faluvegi,Greg Faluvegi,Nancy Y. Kiang,Daehyun Kim,Andrew A. Lacis,Anthony Leboissetier,Allegra N. LeGrande,Ken K. Lo,John Marshall,Elaine Matthews,Sonali McDermid,Keren Mezuman,Keren Mezuman,Ron L. Miller,Lee T. Murray,Valdar Oinas,Clara Orbe,Carlos Pérez García-Pando,Carlos Pérez García-Pando,J. P. Perlwitz,Michael J. Puma,Michael J. Puma,David Rind,Anastasia Romanou,Drew Shindell,Shan Sun,N. Tausnev,Kostas Tsigaridis,Kostas Tsigaridis,George Tselioudis,Ensheng Weng,Ensheng Weng,Jingbo Wu,Jingbo Wu,Mao-Sung Yao +59 more
TL;DR: There have been specific improvements in representations of modes of variability (such as the Madden‐Julian Oscillation and other modes in the Pacific) and significant improvements in the simulation of the climate of the Southern Oceans, including sea ice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sudden Stratospheric Warmings
Mark P. Baldwin,Blanca Ayarzagüena,Thomas Birner,Thomas Birner,Neal Butchart,Amy H. Butler,Andrew Charlton-Perez,Daniela I. V. Domeisen,Chaim I. Garfinkel,Hella Garny,Edwin P. Gerber,Michaela I. Hegglin,Ulrike Langematz,Nicholas Pedatella +13 more
TL;DR: Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are impressive fluid dynamical events in which large and rapid temperature increases in the winter polar stratosphere (10−50km) are associated with a complete reversal of the climatological wintertime westerly winds.
References
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The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system
Dick Dee,S. Uppala,Adrian Simmons,Paul Berrisford,Paul Poli,Shinya Kobayashi,Ulf Andrae,Magdalena Balmaseda,Gianpaolo Balsamo,Peter Bauer,Peter Bechtold,Anton Beljaars,L. van de Berg,Jean Bidlot,Niels Bormann,C. Delsol,Rossana Dragani,Manuel Fuentes,Alan J. Geer,Leopold Haimberger,Sean Healy,Hans Hersbach,Elías Hólm,Lars Isaksen,P. Kallberg,Martin Köhler,Marco Matricardi,A. P. McNally,B. M. Monge-Sanz,Jean-Jacques Morcrette,B.-K. Park,Carole Peubey,P. de Rosnay,Christina Tavolato,Jean-Noël Thépaut,Frederic Vitart +35 more
TL;DR: ERA-Interim as discussed by the authors is the latest global atmospheric reanalysis produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), which will extend back to the early part of the twentieth century.
Journal ArticleDOI
The ERA‐40 re‐analysis
S. Uppala,Per Kållberg,Adrian Simmons,U. Andrae,V. da Costa Bechtold,M. Fiorino,J. K. Gibson,J. Haseler,A. Hernandez,Graeme Kelly,Xiaoming Li,Kazutoshi Onogi,Sami Saarinen,N. Sokka,Richard P. Allan,Richard P. Allan,Erik Andersson,Klaus Arpe,Magdalena Balmaseda,Anton Beljaars,L. van de Berg,Jean Bidlot,Niels Bormann,S. Caires,Frédéric Chevallier,A. Dethof,M. Dragosavac,Michael Fisher,Manuel Fuentes,Stefan Hagemann,Elías Hólm,Brian J. Hoskins,Lars Isaksen,Peter A. E. M. Janssen,Roy L. Jenne,A. P. McNally,Jean-François Mahfouf,Jean-Jacques Morcrette,Nick Rayner,Roger Saunders,P. Simon,Andreas Sterl,Kevin E. Trenberth,A. Untch,Drasko Vasiljevic,Pedro Viterbo,John S. Woollen +46 more
TL;DR: ERA-40 is a re-analysis of meteorological observations from September 1957 to August 2002 produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in collaboration with many institutions as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Version 2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Monthly Precipitation Analysis (1979-Present)
Robert F. Adler,George J. Huffman,Alfred T. C. Chang,Ralph Ferraro,Pingping Xie,John E. Janowiak,B. Rudolf,Udo Schneider,Scott Curtis,David T. Bolvin,Arnold Gruber,Joel Susskind,P. A. Arkin,Eric Nelkin +13 more
TL;DR: The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) version 2 Monthly Precise Analysis as discussed by the authors is a merged analysis that incorporates precipitation estimates from low-orbit satellite microwave data, geosynchronous-orbit-satellite infrared data, and rain gauge observations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2)
Ronald Gelaro,Will McCarty,Max J. Suarez,Max J. Suarez,Ricardo Todling,Andrea Molod,Lawrence L. Takacs,Cynthia A. Randles,Cynthia A. Randles,Anton Darmenov,Michael G. Bosilovich,Rolf H. Reichle,Krzysztof Wargan,Lawrence Coy,Richard I. Cullather,Richard I. Cullather,Clara S. Draper,Clara S. Draper,Santha Akella,V. Buchard,V. Buchard,Austin Conaty,Arlindo da Silva,Wei Gu,Gi-Kong Kim,Randal D. Koster,Robert A. Lucchesi,Dagmar Merkova,J. E. Nielsen,Gary Partyka,Steven Pawson,William M. Putman,Michele M. Rienecker,Siegfried D. Schubert,Meta Sienkiewicz,Bin Zhao,Bin Zhao +36 more
TL;DR: An overview of the MERRA-2 system and various performance metrics is provided, including the assimilation of aerosol observations, several improvements to the representation of the stratosphere including ozone, and improved representations of cryospheric processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Radiative forcing by long‐lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models
Michael J. Iacono,J. S. Delamere,Eli J. Mlawer,Mark W. Shephard,Shepard A. Clough,William D. Collins,William D. Collins +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the AER line-by-line (LBL) models were compared with the RTMIP line-By-line results in the longwave and shortwave for clear sky scenarios previously examined by the radiative transfer model intercomparison project.
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The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system
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