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The language of covalent histone modifications.
Brian D. Strahl,C D Allis +1 more
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TLDR
It is proposed that distinct histone modifications, on one or more tails, act sequentially or in combination to form a ‘histone code’ that is, read by other proteins to bring about distinct downstream events.Abstract:
Histone proteins and the nucleosomes they form with DNA are the fundamental building blocks of eukaryotic chromatin. A diverse array of post-translational modifications that often occur on tail domains of these proteins has been well documented. Although the function of these highly conserved modifications has remained elusive, converging biochemical and genetic evidence suggests functions in several chromatin-based processes. We propose that distinct histone modifications, on one or more tails, act sequentially or in combination to form a 'histone code' that is, read by other proteins to bring about distinct downstream events.read more
Citations
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Histone H3 Lysine 9 Methylation and HP1γ Are Associated with Transcription Elongation through Mammalian Chromatin
TL;DR: It is shown that H3K9 di- and trimethylation occur in the transcribed region of active genes in mammalian chromatin and this modification is dynamic, as it increases during activation of transcription and is rapidly removed upon gene repression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Snail mediates E-cadherin repression by the recruitment of the Sin3A/histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1)/HDAC2 complex.
TL;DR: It is shown that mammalian Snail requires histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity to repress E-cadherin promoter and that treatment with trichostatin A (TSA) is sufficient to block the repressor effect of Snail.
Journal Article
Discovery and characterization of chromatin states for systematic annotation of the human genome
Jason Ernst,Manolis Kellis +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a multivariate Hidden Markov Model was used to reveal chromatin states in human T cells, based on recurrent and spatially coherent combinations of chromatin marks.
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Post-translational modifications regulate microtubule function
Stefan Westermann,Klaus Weber +1 more
TL;DR: The αβ-tubulin heterodimer, the building block of microtubules, is subject to a large number of post-translational modifications, comparable in diversity to the intensively studied histone modifications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perceiving the epigenetic landscape through histone readers
TL;DR: The latest advances in characterizing histone-binding mechanisms and identifying new epigenetic readers are highlighted and the functional significance of PTM recognition is summarized.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 Å resolution
TL;DR: The X-ray crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle of chromatin shows in atomic detail how the histone protein octamer is assembled and how 146 base pairs of DNA are organized into a superhelix around it.
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Histone acetylation in chromatin structure and transcription
TL;DR: The amino termini of histones extend from the nucleosomal core and are modified by acetyltransferases and deacetylases during the cell cycle, which may direct histone assembly and help regulate the unfolding and activity of genes.
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Protein modules and signalling networks
TL;DR: This work highlights conserved protein domains that act as key regulatory participants in many of these different signalling pathways in multicellular organisms.
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Mitosis-specific phosphorylation of histone H3 initiates primarily within pericentromeric heterochromatin during G2 and spreads in an ordered fashion coincident with mitotic chromosome condensation.
Michael J. Hendzel,Y Wei,Michael A. Mancini,A. Van Hooser,Tamara A. Ranalli,Bill R. Brinkley,David P. Bazett-Jones,C D Allis +7 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that the singular phosphorylation of the amino-terminus of histone H3 may be involved in facilitating two key functions during mitosis: (1) regulate protein-protein interactions to promote binding of trans-acting factors that “drive” chromatin condensation as cells enter M-phase and (2) coordinate chromatin decondensation associated with M- phase.
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Histone acetylation and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms
TL;DR: Understanding of the causal relationship between histone acetylation and gene expression has been enhanced dramatically by the identification of proteins with intrinsic hist one acetylase and deacetylase activity, which led to a major paradigm shift in understanding of chromatin structure and transcription regulation.