Journal ArticleDOI
The language of covalent histone modifications.
Brian D. Strahl,C D Allis +1 more
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TLDR
It is proposed that distinct histone modifications, on one or more tails, act sequentially or in combination to form a ‘histone code’ that is, read by other proteins to bring about distinct downstream events.Abstract:
Histone proteins and the nucleosomes they form with DNA are the fundamental building blocks of eukaryotic chromatin. A diverse array of post-translational modifications that often occur on tail domains of these proteins has been well documented. Although the function of these highly conserved modifications has remained elusive, converging biochemical and genetic evidence suggests functions in several chromatin-based processes. We propose that distinct histone modifications, on one or more tails, act sequentially or in combination to form a 'histone code' that is, read by other proteins to bring about distinct downstream events.read more
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Genome-wide analysis of histone methylation reveals chromatin state-based regulation of gene transcription and function of memory CD8+ T cells.
Yasuto Araki,Zhibin Wang,Chongzhi Zang,William H. Wood,Dustin E. Schones,Kairong Cui,Tae-Young Roh,Brad Lhotsky,Robert P. Wersto,Weiqun Peng,Kevin G. Becker,Keji Zhao,Nan ping Weng +12 more
TL;DR: A genome-wide analysis of histone methylation on two histone H3 lysine residues and gene expression profiles in naive and memory CD8(+) T cells finds that specific correlation exists between gene expression and the amounts of H3K4me3 (positive correlation) and H3k27me 3 (negative correlation) across the gene body.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chromatin remodeling by RSC involves ATP-dependent DNA translocation
TL;DR: It is proposed that the remodeling enzyme remains in a fixed position on the octamer and translocates a segment of DNA (with accompanying DNA twist), which breaks histone-DNA contacts and propagates as a wave of DNA around theOctamer.
Book
Philosophy of experimental biology
TL;DR: In this paper, the nature of explanations and reductionism are discussed and a discussion of the role of explanations in scientific inference is presented in the context of ontogeny and scientific realism in search of the truth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ring1b-mediated H2A Ubiquitination Associates with Inactive X Chromosomes and Is Involved in Initiation of X Inactivation
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that supports H2A ubiquitination as a novel epigenetic marker for the inactive X chromosome (Xi) and links H2a ubiquitinations to initiation of X inactivation and the association of Ring1b and ubH2A with Xi is mitotically stable in non-differentiated TS cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
FGF2-induced chromatin remodeling regulates CNTF-mediated gene expression and astrocyte differentiation
TL;DR: It is found that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), which by itself does not induce astrocyte-specific gene expression, regulates the ability of CNTF to induce expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 Å resolution
TL;DR: The X-ray crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle of chromatin shows in atomic detail how the histone protein octamer is assembled and how 146 base pairs of DNA are organized into a superhelix around it.
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Histone acetylation in chromatin structure and transcription
TL;DR: The amino termini of histones extend from the nucleosomal core and are modified by acetyltransferases and deacetylases during the cell cycle, which may direct histone assembly and help regulate the unfolding and activity of genes.
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Protein modules and signalling networks
TL;DR: This work highlights conserved protein domains that act as key regulatory participants in many of these different signalling pathways in multicellular organisms.
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Mitosis-specific phosphorylation of histone H3 initiates primarily within pericentromeric heterochromatin during G2 and spreads in an ordered fashion coincident with mitotic chromosome condensation.
Michael J. Hendzel,Y Wei,Michael A. Mancini,A. Van Hooser,Tamara A. Ranalli,Bill R. Brinkley,David P. Bazett-Jones,C D Allis +7 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that the singular phosphorylation of the amino-terminus of histone H3 may be involved in facilitating two key functions during mitosis: (1) regulate protein-protein interactions to promote binding of trans-acting factors that “drive” chromatin condensation as cells enter M-phase and (2) coordinate chromatin decondensation associated with M- phase.
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Histone acetylation and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms
TL;DR: Understanding of the causal relationship between histone acetylation and gene expression has been enhanced dramatically by the identification of proteins with intrinsic hist one acetylase and deacetylase activity, which led to a major paradigm shift in understanding of chromatin structure and transcription regulation.