Toxicological Evaluations of Rare Earths and Their Health Impacts to Workers: A Literature Review
TLDR
It is important to review the toxicological studies to improve the current understanding of the RE compounds in the field of occupational health to establish a sustainable, safe and healthy working environment for RE industries.Abstract:
In concert with the development of new materials in the last decade, the need for toxicological studies of these materials has been increasing. These new materials include a group of rare earths (RE). The use of RE nanotechnology is being considered in some green applications, to increase their efficiency by using nano-sized RE compounds, and therefore hazard evaluation and risk assessment are highly recommended. This review was conducted through an extensive contemplation of the literatures in toxicology with in vitro and in vivo studies. Major aspects reviewed were the toxicological evaluations of these elements and metallic compounds at the molecular and cellular level, animal and human epidemiological studies and environmental and occupational health impacts on workers. We also discuss the future prospect of industries with appliances using RE together with the significance of preventive efforts for workers’ health. To establish a safe and healthy working environment for RE industries, the use of biomarkers is increasing to provide sustainable measure, due to demand for information about the health risks from unfavorable exposures. Given the recent toxicological results on the exposure of cells, animals and workers to RE compounds, it is important to review the toxicological studies to improve the current understanding of the RE compounds in the field of occupational health. This will help to establish a sustainable, safe and healthy working environment for RE industries.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Occurrence of rare earth elements in fledgelings of Thalasseus sandvicensis.
Marco Picone,Gabriele Giuseppe Distefano,Fabiana Corami,Piero Franzoi,Simone Redolfi Bristol,Marco Basso,Lucio Panzarin,Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs) in feathers of young Sandwich tern (Thalasseus sandvicensis) about 16-20 days old to assess whether the accumulation of these elements may be a concern in Venice's Lagoon, one of the most important wetlands of the Mediterranean area for breeding and migrating birds.
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Bioaccumulation of rare earth elements in juvenile arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) under field experimental conditions
Rasmus Dyrmose Nørregaard,Henrik M. Kaarsholm,Lis Bach,Barbara F. Nowak,Ole Geertz-Hansen,Jens Søndergaard,Christian Sonne +6 more
TL;DR: Results showed that the arctic char accumulated most REEs in the gills > liver > muscle, and the importance of further studies on accumulation of REE in theArctic char native to the site of future mining operations is demonstrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Magnetic Intramedullary Lengthening Nails and MRI Compatibility
TL;DR: Recommendations for routine removal of magnetic IMNs for safety concerns should be reconsidered and exposure to 3 T MRI should be avoided in patients who are still undergoing lengthening or with plans for future lengthening with magnetic IMN.
Journal ArticleDOI
Occurrence of rare earth elements in fledgelings of Thalasseus sandvicensis
TL;DR: In this article , the authors measured the concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs) in feathers of young Sandwich tern (Thalasseus sandvicensis) about 16-20 days old to assess whether the accumulation of these elements may be a concern in Venice's Lagoon, one of the most important wetlands of the Mediterranean area for breeding and migrating birds.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of neodymium isotope analysis of human dental enamel as a provenance indicator using 1013 Ω amplifiers (TIMS).
Esther Plomp,I. C.C. Von Holstein,Janne M. Koornneef,Richard J. Smeets,J. A. Baart,J. A. Baart,T. Forouzanfar,T. Forouzanfar,Gareth Davies +8 more
TL;DR: In order for neodymium isotopes to be quantitatively applied in forensic and archaeological settings further analyses of individuals from various geographical regions with well-defined dietary Nd isotope data are required.
References
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Rare earth nanoparticles prevent retinal degeneration induced by intracellular peroxides
TL;DR: The data indicate that the nanoceria particles may be effective in inhibiting the progression of ROI-induced cell death, which is thought to be involved in macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa and other blinding diseases, as well as the ROi-induced death of other cell types in diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, stroke and so on.
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Anti‐inflammatory Properties of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles
Suzanne M. Hirst,Ajay S. Karakoti,Ron Tyler,Nammalwar Sriranganathan,Sudipta Seal,Christopher M. Reilly +5 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that cerium oxide nanoparticles are well tolerated in mice and are incorporated into cellular tissues and therefore serve as a novel therapy for chronic inflammation.
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Toxicity of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Human Lung Cancer Cells
TL;DR: The cytotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by 20-nm cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles in cultured human lung cancer cells was investigated and it was concluded that free radicals generated by exposure to 3.5 to 23.3 μg/ml CeO2 nanoparticles produce significant oxidative stress in the cells.
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Evaluation of short-term effects of rare earth and other elements used in magnesium alloys on primary cells and cell lines
Frank Feyerabend,Janine Fischer,Jakob Holtz,Frank Witte,Frank Witte,Regine Willumeit,Heiko Drücker,Carla Vogt,Norbert Hort +8 more
TL;DR: Of the elements with high solubility in magnesium alloys, Gd and Dy seem to be more suitable than Y, and La and Ce showed the highest cytotoxicity of the analysed elements.
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Exposure, health and ecological effects review of engineered nanoscale cerium and cerium oxide associated with its use as a fuel additive.
Flemming R. Cassee,Erna C. van Balen,Charanjeet Singh,David C. Green,Hans Muijser,Jason P. Weinstein,Kevin L. Dreher +6 more
TL;DR: There is an absolute critical need for integrated exposure and toxicological studies in order to accurately assess the environmental, ecological and health implications of nanotechnology enabled diesel fuel additives with existing as well as new engine designs and fuel formulations.
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