Toxicological Evaluations of Rare Earths and Their Health Impacts to Workers: A Literature Review
TLDR
It is important to review the toxicological studies to improve the current understanding of the RE compounds in the field of occupational health to establish a sustainable, safe and healthy working environment for RE industries.Abstract:
In concert with the development of new materials in the last decade, the need for toxicological studies of these materials has been increasing. These new materials include a group of rare earths (RE). The use of RE nanotechnology is being considered in some green applications, to increase their efficiency by using nano-sized RE compounds, and therefore hazard evaluation and risk assessment are highly recommended. This review was conducted through an extensive contemplation of the literatures in toxicology with in vitro and in vivo studies. Major aspects reviewed were the toxicological evaluations of these elements and metallic compounds at the molecular and cellular level, animal and human epidemiological studies and environmental and occupational health impacts on workers. We also discuss the future prospect of industries with appliances using RE together with the significance of preventive efforts for workers’ health. To establish a safe and healthy working environment for RE industries, the use of biomarkers is increasing to provide sustainable measure, due to demand for information about the health risks from unfavorable exposures. Given the recent toxicological results on the exposure of cells, animals and workers to RE compounds, it is important to review the toxicological studies to improve the current understanding of the RE compounds in the field of occupational health. This will help to establish a sustainable, safe and healthy working environment for RE industries.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Removal of cerium from different aqueous solutions using different adsorbents: a review.
Ebrahim Allahkarami,Bahram Rezai +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a complete list of potentially effective sorbents in the removal of cerium is presented, and the efficiency of different adsorbents under different physicochemical parameters such as solution acidity, initial concentration, adsorbent type (available and developed sorbent type), and dosage of the cerium, contact time, temperature, and presence of competing ions in the solution was investigated.
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Recent advances (2010–2015) in studies of cerium oxide nanoparticles’ health effects
TL;DR: This review focuses on recent advances in studies of toxicokinetics, antioxidant activity and toxicity of cerium oxide nanoparticles using in vitro models or in vivo intratracheal instillation methods.
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Cytotoxicity assessment of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on synthesized biodegradable Mg-Zn-Ca alloys
Abbas Fazel Anvari-Yazdi,Kobra Tahermanesh,S.M.M. Hadavi,Tahereh Talaei-Khozani,Mahboobeh Razmkhah,Seyedeh Mehr Abed,Maryam Sadat Mohtasebi +6 more
TL;DR: Mg-2Zn-1Ca alloy can be suggested as a good candidate to be used in biomedical applications as a result of corrosion behavior and cytotoxicity evaluated with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
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Effect of heat treatment on microstructure, mechanical, corrosion and biocompatibility of Mg-Zn-Zr-Gd-Nd alloy
Anuradha Jana,Anuradha Jana,Mitun Das,Mitun Das,Vamsi Krishna Balla,Vamsi Krishna Balla,Vamsi Krishna Balla +6 more
TL;DR: The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure, mechanical, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility properties of these samples were investigated in this paper, where both pure Mg and prealloyed Mg-Gd-Nd-Zr-Zn alloy samples were prepared using powder metallurgy route and further heat treated.
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Toxicological effects of the rare earth element neodymium in Mytilus galloprovincialis.
Rosa Freitas,Silvana Costa,Celso E.D. Cardoso,Tiago Morais,Pedro Moleiro,Ana C. Matias,Ana F. Pereira,Joana Machado,Beatriz Correia,Diana Pinheiro,Adriana Rodrigues,João Colónia,Amadeu M.V.M. Soares,Eduarda Pereira +13 more
TL;DR: Evaluating the biochemical alterations caused by Nd in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to this element for 28 days demonstrated that Nd was accumulated by mussels, leading to mussel's metabolic capacity increase and GLY expenditure, in an attempt to fuel up defense mechanisms.
References
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Rare earth nanoparticles prevent retinal degeneration induced by intracellular peroxides
TL;DR: The data indicate that the nanoceria particles may be effective in inhibiting the progression of ROI-induced cell death, which is thought to be involved in macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa and other blinding diseases, as well as the ROi-induced death of other cell types in diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, stroke and so on.
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Anti‐inflammatory Properties of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles
Suzanne M. Hirst,Ajay S. Karakoti,Ron Tyler,Nammalwar Sriranganathan,Sudipta Seal,Christopher M. Reilly +5 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that cerium oxide nanoparticles are well tolerated in mice and are incorporated into cellular tissues and therefore serve as a novel therapy for chronic inflammation.
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Toxicity of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Human Lung Cancer Cells
TL;DR: The cytotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by 20-nm cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles in cultured human lung cancer cells was investigated and it was concluded that free radicals generated by exposure to 3.5 to 23.3 μg/ml CeO2 nanoparticles produce significant oxidative stress in the cells.
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Evaluation of short-term effects of rare earth and other elements used in magnesium alloys on primary cells and cell lines
Frank Feyerabend,Janine Fischer,Jakob Holtz,Frank Witte,Frank Witte,Regine Willumeit,Heiko Drücker,Carla Vogt,Norbert Hort +8 more
TL;DR: Of the elements with high solubility in magnesium alloys, Gd and Dy seem to be more suitable than Y, and La and Ce showed the highest cytotoxicity of the analysed elements.
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Exposure, health and ecological effects review of engineered nanoscale cerium and cerium oxide associated with its use as a fuel additive.
Flemming R. Cassee,Erna C. van Balen,Charanjeet Singh,David C. Green,Hans Muijser,Jason P. Weinstein,Kevin L. Dreher +6 more
TL;DR: There is an absolute critical need for integrated exposure and toxicological studies in order to accurately assess the environmental, ecological and health implications of nanotechnology enabled diesel fuel additives with existing as well as new engine designs and fuel formulations.
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