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Trans -acting regulatory variation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the role of transcription factors

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TLDR
Analysis of regulatory variation in a cross between laboratory and wild strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that polymorphisms in GPA1 and AMN1 affect expression of genes involved in pheromone response and daughter cell separation.
Abstract
Natural genetic variation can cause significant differences in gene expression, but little is known about the polymorphisms that affect gene regulation. We analyzed regulatory variation in a cross between laboratory and wild strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Clustering and linkage analysis defined groups of coregulated genes and the loci involved in their regulation. Most expression differences mapped to trans-acting loci. Positional cloning and functional assays showed that polymorphisms in GPA1 and AMN1 affect expression of genes involved in pheromone response and daughter cell separation, respectively. We also asked whether particular classes of genes were more likely to contain trans-regulatory polymorphisms. Notably, transcription factors showed no enrichment, and trans-regulatory variation seems to be broadly dispersed across classes of genes with different molecular functions.

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Citations
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Capturing heterogeneity in gene expression studies by surrogate variable analysis.

TL;DR: This work introduces “surrogate variable analysis” (SVA) to overcome the problems caused by heterogeneity in expression studies and shows that SVA increases the biological accuracy and reproducibility of analyses in genome-wide expression studies.
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Evidence for dynamically organized modularity in the yeast protein–protein interaction network

TL;DR: This work investigated how hubs might contribute to robustness and other cellular properties for protein–protein interactions dynamically regulated both in time and in space, and uncovered two types of hub: ‘party’ hubs, which interact with most of their partners simultaneously, and ‘date’ Hubs, which bind their different partners at different times or locations.
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Genetic analysis of genome-wide variation in human gene expression

TL;DR: This work used microarrays to measure gene expression levels and performed genome-wide linkage analysis for expression levels of 3,554 genes in 14 large families to localize the genetic determinants of these quantitative traits in humans.
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Population genomics of human gene expression

TL;DR: It is found that gene expression is heritable and that differentiation between populations is in agreement with earlier small-scale studies, and the results strongly support an abundance of cis-regulatory variation in the human genome.
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An integrative genomics approach to infer causal associations between gene expression and disease

TL;DR: It is shown that this approach can predict transcriptional responses to single gene–perturbation experiments using gene-expression data in the context of a segregating mouse population and the utility of this approach is demonstrated by identifying and experimentally validating the involvement of three new genes in susceptibility to obesity.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Gene Ontology: tool for the unification of biology

TL;DR: The goal of the Gene Ontology Consortium is to produce a dynamic, controlled vocabulary that can be applied to all eukaryotes even as knowledge of gene and protein roles in cells is accumulating and changing.
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Cluster analysis and display of genome-wide expression patterns

TL;DR: A system of cluster analysis for genome-wide expression data from DNA microarray hybridization is described that uses standard statistical algorithms to arrange genes according to similarity in pattern of gene expression, finding in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that clustering gene expression data groups together efficiently genes of known similar function.
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Comprehensive Identification of Cell Cycle–regulated Genes of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Microarray Hybridization

TL;DR: A comprehensive catalog of yeast genes whose transcript levels vary periodically within the cell cycle is created, and it is found that the mRNA levels of more than half of these 800 genes respond to one or both of these cyclins.
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Genomic expression programs in the response of yeast cells to environmental changes.

TL;DR: Analysis of genomic expression patterns in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae implicated the transcription factors Yap1p, as well as Msn2p and Msn4p, in mediating specific features of the transcriptional response, while the identification of novel sequence elements provided clues to novel regulators.
Journal ArticleDOI

Functional profiling of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome.

Guri Giaever, +72 more
- 25 Jul 2002 - 
TL;DR: It is shown that previously known and new genes are necessary for optimal growth under six well-studied conditions: high salt, sorbitol, galactose, pH 8, minimal medium and nystatin treatment, and less than 7% of genes that exhibit a significant increase in messenger RNA expression are also required for optimal Growth in four of the tested conditions.
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