Two novel reassortants of avian influenza A (H5N6) virus in China.
Yuhai Bi,Kun Mei,Weifeng Shi,Di Liu,Xiaolan Yu,Zhimin Gao,Lihua Zhao,George F. Gao,Jianjun Chen,Quanjiao Chen +9 more
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TLDR
Eight avian influenza A (H5N6) viruses were isolated from live poultry markets in Sichuan and Jiangxi Provinces in China in 2014 and contained a T160A substitution in the haemagglutinin protein and an 11 aa deletion in the neuraminidase stalk, which may aid in enhancing viral affinity for human-like receptors and virulence in mammals.Abstract:
Eight avian influenza A (H5N6) viruses were isolated from live poultry markets (LPMs) in Sichuan and Jiangxi Provinces in China in 2014, including those close to the county where the human H5N6 infection occurred. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that these H5N6 viruses were novel reassortants between H5N1 clade 2.3.4 and H6N6 viruses, and had evolved into two distinct lineages (Sichuan and Jiangxi). Moreover, the human H5N6 virus was closely related to the avian-source viruses of Sichuan lineage. Notably, H5N6 viruses contained a T160A substitution in the haemagglutinin protein and an 11 aa deletion in the neuraminidase stalk, which may aid in enhancing viral affinity for human-like receptors and virulence in mammals. As the H5N1 virus infects humans through direct contact, infection with the novel H5N6 virus raised significant concerns that the H5 subtype was a likely candidate for a pandemic. Therefore, extensive and long-term surveillance of avian influenza viruses in LPMs is essential.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Genesis, Evolution and Prevalence of H5N6 Avian Influenza Viruses in China
Yuhai Bi,Quanjiao Chen,Qianli Wang,Jianjun Chen,Tao Jin,Gary Wong,Chuansong Quan,Jun Liu,Jun Wu,Renfu Yin,Lihua Zhao,Mingxin Li,Zhuang Ding,Rongrong Zou,Wen Xu,Hong Li,Huijun Wang,Kegong Tian,Guanghua Fu,Yu Huang,Alexander Shestopalov,Shoujun Li,Bing Xu,Hongjie Yu,Tingrong Luo,Lin Lu,Xun Xu,Yang Luo,Yingxia Liu,Weifeng Shi,Di Liu,George F. Gao +31 more
TL;DR: Phylogenetic analysis reveals that H5N6 arose from reassortments of H5 and H6N6 viruses, with the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase combinations being strongly lineage specific.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemiology, Evolution, and Recent Outbreaks of Avian Influenza Virus in China.
TL;DR: The epidemiology, evolution, and recent outbreaks of Aivs in China are reviewed, reasons behind the recent increase in the emergence of novel AIVs are discussed, and warning signs which may point to the emerged of a potentially virulent and highly transmissible AIV to humans are identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Brief History of Bird Flu
TL;DR: The genesis of novel influenza A virus strains by reassortment and evolution in wild and domestic bird populations, as well as the role of wild bird migration in their long-range spread are described.
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Viral factors in influenza pandemic risk assessment.
Marc Lipsitch,Wendy S. Barclay,Rahul Raman,Charles J. Russell,Jessica A. Belser,Sarah Cobey,Peter M. Kasson,James O. Lloyd-Smith,James O. Lloyd-Smith,Sebastian Maurer-Stroh,Sebastian Maurer-Stroh,Sebastian Maurer-Stroh,Steven Riley,Catherine A. A. Beauchemin,Trevor Bedford,Thomas C. Friedrich,Andreas Handel,Sander Herfst,Pablo R. Murcia,Benjamin Roche,Claus O. Wilke,Colin A. Russell +21 more
TL;DR: Gene sequence and biological assays of viral traits are used to identify those non-human influenza viruses with the greatest risk of evolving into pandemic threats, and to understand drivers of such evolution, to prioritize pandemic prevention or response measures.
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Outbreaks of avian influenza A (H5N2), (H5N8), and (H5N1) among birds--United States, December 2014-January 2015
TL;DR: During December 15, 2014-January 16, 2015, the U.S. Department of Agriculture received 14 reports of birds infected with Asian-origin, highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) (H 5N2), (H5N8), and ( H5N1) viruses.
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