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Vertebrate limb bud development : moving towards integrative analysis of organogenesis
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TLDR
In this article, the authors discuss models of limb development and attempt to integrate the current knowledge of the signalling interactions that govern limb skeletal development into a systems model, which provides insights into how the specification and proliferative expansion of the anteroposterior and proximodistal limb bud axes are coordinately controlled in time and space.Abstract:
The limb bud is of paradigmatic value to understanding vertebrate organogenesis. Recent genetic analysis in mice has revealed the existence of a largely self-regulatory limb bud signalling system that involves many of the pathways that are known to regulate morphogenesis. These findings contrast with the prevailing view that the main limb bud axes develop largely independently of one another. In this Review, we discuss models of limb development and attempt to integrate the current knowledge of the signalling interactions that govern limb skeletal development into a systems model. The resulting integrative model provides insights into how the specification and proliferative expansion of the anteroposterior and proximodistal limb bud axes are coordinately controlled in time and space.read more
Citations
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BMP signalling in skeletal development, disease and repair
TL;DR: The genetic evidence implicating BMP superfamily signalling in vertebrate bone and joint development is examined, a selection of human skeletal disorders associated with altered BMP signalling is discussed, and the status of modulating the BMP pathway as a therapeutic target for skeletal trauma and disease is summarized.
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Enhancer redundancy provides phenotypic robustness in mammalian development
Marco Osterwalder,Iros Barozzi,Virginie Tissières,Virginie Tissières,Yoko Fukuda-Yuzawa,Brandon J. Mannion,Sarah Y. Afzal,Elizabeth Lee,Yiwen Zhu,Ingrid Plajzer-Frick,Catherine S. Pickle,Momoe Kato,Tyler H. Garvin,Quan T. Pham,Anne N. Harrington,Jennifer A. Akiyama,Veena Afzal,Javier Lopez-Rios,Javier Lopez-Rios,Diane E. Dickel,Axel Visel,Axel Visel,Len A. Pennacchio,Len A. Pennacchio +23 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the pervasive presence of multiple enhancers with similar activities near the same gene confers phenotypic robustness to loss-of-function mutations in individual enhancers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Digit patterning is controlled by a Bmp-Sox9-Wnt Turing network modulated by morphogen gradients
TL;DR: Evidence is revealed that a Turing network implemented by Bmp, Sox9, and Wnt drives digit specification and a realistic two-dimensional simulation of digit patterning is developed, which shows that this network, when modulated by morphogen gradients, recapitulates the expression patterns of Sox9 in the wild type and in perturbation experiments.
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Advances in understanding tissue regenerative capacity and mechanisms in animals
TL;DR: Questions about how and why tissue regeneration occurs have captured the attention of countless biologists, biomedical engineers and clinicians, and recent advances have allowed progress to be made in understanding several key issues that are common to natural regenerative events.
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Vitamin A in Reproduction and Development
TL;DR: It is now generally believed that all-trans retinoic acid (RA) is the form of vitamin A that supports both male and female reproduction as well as embryonic development, and the ability to reverse most reproductive and developmental blocks found in vitamin A deficiency induced either by nutritional or genetic means with RA.
References
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Positional information and the spatial pattern of cellular differentiation
TL;DR: These concepts provide a unifying framework within which a wide variety of patterns formed from fields may be discussed, and give new meaning to classical concepts such as induction, dominance and field.
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Sonic Hedgehog Mediates the Polarizing Activity of the ZPA
TL;DR: A vertebrate gene related to the Drosophila segment polarity gene hedgehog, which is expressed specifically in the ZPA and in other regions of the embryo, that is capable of polarizing limbs in grafting experiments is isolated.
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Fgf10 is essential for limb and lung formation
Keisuke Sekine,Hideyo Ohuchi,Masanori Fujiwara,Masahiro Yamasaki,Tatsuya Yoshizawa,Takashi Sato,Naoko Yagishita,Daisuke Matsui,Yoshihiko Koga,Nobuyuki Itoh,Shigeaki Kato +10 more
TL;DR: It is shown that Fgf10 serves as an essential regulator of lung and limb formation in mice generated with F gf10-deficient mice.
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A long-range Shh enhancer regulates expression in the developing limb and fin and is associated with preaxial polydactyly
Laura A. Lettice,Simon J. H. Heaney,Lorna A. Purdie,Li Li,Philippe de Beer,Ben A. Oostra,Debbie K. Goode,Greg Elgar,Robert E. Hill,Esther de Graaff +9 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the chromosome 7q36 associated preaxial polydactyly, a frequently observed congenital limb malformation, results from point mutations in a Shh regulatory element, a regulator that lies within intron 5 of the Lmbr1 gene 1 Mb from the target gene Shh.
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Canonical Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Prevents Osteoblasts from Differentiating into Chondrocytes
TL;DR: It is shown by conditionally deleting beta-catenin in limb and head mesenchyme that beta- catenin is required for osteoblast lineage differentiation, preventing transdifferentiation of osteoblastic cells into chondrocytes.