Journal ArticleDOI
Viral Load and Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Thomas C. Quinn,Maria J. Wawer,Nelson K. Sewankambo,David Serwadda,Chuanjun Li,Fred Wabwire-Mangen,Mary Meehan,Tom Lutalo,Ronald H. Gray +8 more
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TLDR
The viral load is the chief predictor of the risk of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1, and transmission is rare among persons with levels of less than 1500 copies of HIV -1 RNA per milliliter.Abstract:
Background and Methods We examined the influence of viral load in relation to other risk factors for the heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In a community-based study of 15,127 persons in a rural district of Uganda, we identified 415 couples in which one partner was HIV-1–positive and one was initially HIV-1–negative and followed them prospectively for up to 30 months. The incidence of HIV-1 infection per 100 person-years among the initially seronegative partners was examined in relation to behavioral and biologic variables. Results The male partner was HIV-1–positive in 228 couples, and the female partner was HIV-1–positive in 187 couples. Ninety of the 415 initially HIV-1–negative partners seroconverted (incidence, 11.8 per 100 person-years). The rate of male-to-female transmission was not significantly different from the rate of female-to-male transmission (12.0 per 100 person-years vs. 11.6 per 100 person-years). The incidence of seroconversion was highest among ...read more
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Restricted access to antiretroviral treatment for undocumented migrants: a bottle neck to control the HIV epidemic in the EU/EEA
J Deblonde,André Sasse,Julia del Amo,Fiona Burns,Fiona Burns,Valerie Delpech,Susan Cowan,Michele Levoy,Lilana Keith,Anastasia Pharris,Andrew J Amato-Gauci,Teymur Noori +11 more
TL;DR: In the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA), migrants from high-endemic countries are disproportionately affected by HIV as discussed by the authors, and between 2007 and 2012, migrants represented 39% of reported HIV cases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antigenic diversity, transmission mechanisms, and the evolution of pathogens.
Alexander Lange,Neil M. Ferguson +1 more
TL;DR: This work generates a plausible mechanistic hypothesis for the observed tradeoff between pathogen transmissibility and antigenic diversity, and shows how different classes of pathogens arise evolutionarily as fitness optima for different contact network structures and host contact rates.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Community-Based Study of Barriers to HIV Care Initiation
TL;DR: It is suggested that isolation and stigma remain significant barriers to initiating HIV care in populations consisting primarily of persons of color, and that direct linkages to HIV care at the time of diagnosis are critical to promoting timely care initiation in these populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Treatment with antiretroviral therapy is not associated with increased sexual risk behavior in Kenyan female sex workers
R.S. McClelland,Susan M. Graham,Susan M. Graham,Susan M. Graham,Barbra A. Richardson,Norbert Peshu,Linnet Masese,George Wanje,Kishorchandra Mandaliya,Ann Kurth,Walter Jaoko,Jeckoniah O. Ndinya-Achola +11 more
TL;DR: In the setting of ongoing risk reduction education and provision of free condoms, initiation of ART was not associated with increased sexual risk behavior in this cohort of Kenyan FSWs.
Journal ArticleDOI
The epidemiological and control implications of HIV transmission probabilities within partnerships.
TL;DR: The relationship between the per-partnership and per-act transmission probability is examined and how different assumptions influence the measurement of cofactors and interventions is explored to develop realistic models of transmission providing quantitative understanding of the HIV transmission process.
References
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TL;DR: Statistical methods in cancer research as mentioned in this paper, Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Statistical methods in Cancer research, Statistical methods for cancer research, کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزش
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From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection.
TL;DR: It is suggested that timely provision of STD services can substantially reduce HIV incidence, but raise additional questions about the optimal way to target and implement these services to achieve the greatest effect on HIV transmission.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sexual transmission of HIV
TL;DR: The epidemiology and biology of the host-related factors that affect the sexual transmission of HIV and the host susceptibility and infectiousness environment biologic agent are discussed.
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