Journal ArticleDOI
Viral Load and Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Thomas C. Quinn,Maria J. Wawer,Nelson K. Sewankambo,David Serwadda,Chuanjun Li,Fred Wabwire-Mangen,Mary Meehan,Tom Lutalo,Ronald H. Gray +8 more
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TLDR
The viral load is the chief predictor of the risk of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1, and transmission is rare among persons with levels of less than 1500 copies of HIV -1 RNA per milliliter.Abstract:
Background and Methods We examined the influence of viral load in relation to other risk factors for the heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In a community-based study of 15,127 persons in a rural district of Uganda, we identified 415 couples in which one partner was HIV-1–positive and one was initially HIV-1–negative and followed them prospectively for up to 30 months. The incidence of HIV-1 infection per 100 person-years among the initially seronegative partners was examined in relation to behavioral and biologic variables. Results The male partner was HIV-1–positive in 228 couples, and the female partner was HIV-1–positive in 187 couples. Ninety of the 415 initially HIV-1–negative partners seroconverted (incidence, 11.8 per 100 person-years). The rate of male-to-female transmission was not significantly different from the rate of female-to-male transmission (12.0 per 100 person-years vs. 11.6 per 100 person-years). The incidence of seroconversion was highest among ...read more
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Acute HIV-1 Infection
TL;DR: This review addresses recent advances in the understanding of the transmission of HIV-1 and of acute HIV- 1 infection.
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Highly active antiretroviral therapy and sexual risk behavior: a meta-analytic review.
TL;DR: In the studies reviewed, HIV-positive patients receiving HAART did not exhibit increased sexual risk behavior, even when therapy achieved an undetectable viral load, and people's beliefs about HAART and viral load may promote unprotected sex and may be amenable to change through prevention messages.
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High rates of forward transmission events after acute/early HIV-1 infection. Commentary
Deenan Pillay,Martin Fisher,Bluma G. Brenner,Michel Roger,Jean-Pierre Routy,Daniela Moisi,Michel Ntemgwa,Claudine Matte,Jean-Guy Baril,Réjean Thomas,Danielle Rouleau,Julie Bruneau,Roger LeBlanc,Mario Legault,Cécile Tremblay,Hugues Charest,Mark A. Wainberg +16 more
TL;DR: In this article, a population-based phylogenetic approach was used to characterize human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-transmission dynamics in Quebec, where early infection accounts for approximately half of onward transmissions in this urban North American study.
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Evolution and transmission of stable CTL escape mutations in HIV infection
Philip J. R. Goulder,Christian Brander,Yanhua Tang,Cécile Tremblay,Robert A. Colbert,Marylyn M. Addo,Eric S. Rosenberg,Thi Nguyen,Rachel L. Allen,Alicja Trocha,Marcus Altfeld,Suqin He,Michael Bunce,Robert Funkhouser,Stephen I. Pelton,Sandra K. Burchett,Kenneth McIntosh,Bette T. Korber,Bruce D. Walker +18 more
TL;DR: Investigation of mother–child transmission in the setting of HLA-B27 expression suggests that CTL escape mutations in epitopes associated with suppression of viraemia will accumulate as the epidemic progresses, and therefore have important implications for vaccine design.
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Simian immunodeficiency virus rapidly penetrates the cervicovaginal mucosa after intravaginal inoculation and infects intraepithelial dendritic cells
TL;DR: SIV enters the vaginal mucosa within 60 min of intravaginal exposure, infecting primarily intraepithelial DC and that SIV-infected cells are located in draining lymph nodes within 18 h of intrabaginal SIV exposure, posing a serious challenge to HIV vaccine development.
References
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TL;DR: Statistical methods in cancer research as mentioned in this paper, Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Statistical methods in Cancer research, Statistical methods for cancer research, کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزش
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From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection.
TL;DR: It is suggested that timely provision of STD services can substantially reduce HIV incidence, but raise additional questions about the optimal way to target and implement these services to achieve the greatest effect on HIV transmission.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sexual transmission of HIV
TL;DR: The epidemiology and biology of the host-related factors that affect the sexual transmission of HIV and the host susceptibility and infectiousness environment biologic agent are discussed.
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