Journal ArticleDOI
Viral Load and Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Thomas C. Quinn,Maria J. Wawer,Nelson K. Sewankambo,David Serwadda,Chuanjun Li,Fred Wabwire-Mangen,Mary Meehan,Tom Lutalo,Ronald H. Gray +8 more
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TLDR
The viral load is the chief predictor of the risk of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1, and transmission is rare among persons with levels of less than 1500 copies of HIV -1 RNA per milliliter.Abstract:
Background and Methods We examined the influence of viral load in relation to other risk factors for the heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In a community-based study of 15,127 persons in a rural district of Uganda, we identified 415 couples in which one partner was HIV-1–positive and one was initially HIV-1–negative and followed them prospectively for up to 30 months. The incidence of HIV-1 infection per 100 person-years among the initially seronegative partners was examined in relation to behavioral and biologic variables. Results The male partner was HIV-1–positive in 228 couples, and the female partner was HIV-1–positive in 187 couples. Ninety of the 415 initially HIV-1–negative partners seroconverted (incidence, 11.8 per 100 person-years). The rate of male-to-female transmission was not significantly different from the rate of female-to-male transmission (12.0 per 100 person-years vs. 11.6 per 100 person-years). The incidence of seroconversion was highest among ...read more
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Sexual risk behaviors and implications for secondary HIV transmission during and after HIV seroconversion.
Grant Colfax,Susan Buchbinder,Peter G A Cornelisse,Eric Vittinghoff,Kenneth H. Mayer,Connie Celum +5 more
TL;DR: Substantial potential exists for secondary HIV transmission during and for one year after HIV seroconversion among newly HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) and after learning of their HIV infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk of hiv-1 transmission for parenteral exposure and blood transfusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis
TL;DR: Infectivity estimates for infected blood transfusions are larger than for other modes of HIV transmission, and transmission risk per needlestick injury may be representative of non-intravenous medical injections and lower than the risk from intravenous injections, which are likely to be deeper and to involve more fluids.
Journal ArticleDOI
Combination HIV prevention for female sex workers: what is the evidence?
Linda-Gail Bekker,Leigh F. Johnson,Frances M. Cowan,Cheryl Overs,Donela Besada,Sharon L. Hillier,Willard Cates +6 more
TL;DR: Evidence indicates that effective HIV prevention packages for sex workers should include combinations of biomedical, behavioural, and structural interventions tailored to local contexts, and be led and implemented by sex worker communities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Determinants of HIV-1 shedding in the genital tract of women.
Andrea Kovacs,Steven S. Wasserman,David N. Burns,David J. Wright,Jonathan A. Cohn,Alan L. Landay,Kathleen M. Weber,Mardge H. Cohen,Alexandra M. Levine,Howard Minkoff,Paolo G. Miotti,Joel M. Palefsky,Mary Young,Patricia Reichelderfer +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a cross-sectional study within the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a prospective longitudinal cohort study of HIV-infected women was conducted to assess the relation between RNA or culturable virus in female genital secretions and other factors that might affect HIV-1 shedding.
Journal ArticleDOI
HIV-1/AIDS and the control of other infectious diseases in Africa
Elizabeth L. Corbett,Richard W. Steketee,Feiko O. ter Kuile,Ahmed S. Latif,Anatoli Kamali,Richard J. Hayes +5 more
TL;DR: The role that three major infectious diseases--malaria, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and tuberculosis--have had in the HIV-1 epidemic is described.
References
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From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection.
TL;DR: It is suggested that timely provision of STD services can substantially reduce HIV incidence, but raise additional questions about the optimal way to target and implement these services to achieve the greatest effect on HIV transmission.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sexual transmission of HIV
TL;DR: The epidemiology and biology of the host-related factors that affect the sexual transmission of HIV and the host susceptibility and infectiousness environment biologic agent are discussed.
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